a. In the following program segment, identify at least 2 RAW (read-after-write), and 2 WAR (write-after-read) dependencies and explain them in detail.
Instruction 1. DIV R8, R2, R1
Instruction 2. MUL R6, R4, R8
Instruction 3. ADD R2, R6, R7
Instruction 4. SUB R8, R2, R4
b. A DMA module transferring characters to memory using cycle stealing, from a device transmitting at 4800 bps. The processor is fetching instructions at the rate of 10^6 instructions per second. By how much will the processor be slowed down due to the DMA activity?
c. The same program is compiled for a CISC machine and for a pipelined machine. The following data is available:
IC_CISC = 500,000 IC_RISC = 1,100,000
CPI_CISC = 6.8 CPI_RISC = 1.4
T_CISC = 25 ns T_RISC = 30 ns
What is the relative performance of the two machines?