Industry rivals tend to experience weak competitive pressures from substitute products when:
buyers incur high costs in switching to substitutes and substitutes are higher priced relative to the quality, performance, and other attributes they
deliver.
the available substitute products are weakly differentiated from one another.
the buyers of the industry's products are few in number and they have substantial amounts of leverage with sellers.
the producers of substitute products are all pursuing strategies to strongly differentiate their products on the basis of quality and product
performance.
