12. A 21-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department with excessive blood loss
after an automobile injury. He is alert and anxious, his skin is cool and moist, his HR is
135/min, and his BP is 100/85. He is receiving IV fluids, which were started at the scene
of the accident by an EMT. He has been typed and cross-matched for blood transfusions,
and a urinary catheter has been inserted to monitor his urinary output. His urinary output
has been less than 10 mL since admission, and his BP has dropped to 85/70. Efforts to
control his bleeding have been unsuccessful, and he is being prepared for emergency
surgery.