1. A real number is rational if and only if it can be written as $\frac{a}{b}$, where $a$ and $b$ are integers. Let $x$ and $y$ be two real numbers such that $xy \neq 0$.
(a) Show, by contraposition, that if $x$ is irrational, then $x^{\frac{1}{5}}$ is irrational.
(b) Show, by contradiction, that if $x$ is irrational and $xy$ is rational, then $y$ is irrational