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QUESTION 20
Reducing sugars are called so due to a(n):
a. ability of the cyclic form of the carbohydrate to be oxidized.
b. ability of the open-chain form of the carbohydrate to be reduced.
c. ability of the open-chain form of the carbohydrate to be oxidized.
d. disability of the open-chain form of the carbohydrate to reduce cupric ions.
e. ability of the cyclic form of the carbohydrate to reduce substances.
QUESTION 21
BONUS: This is a bonus question. A wrong answer will not result in deducted points. Come back to this question after finishing the others.
A research team is using Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) to study the lateral diffusion of membrane proteins in a particular type of cell. They selectively bleach a small region of the fluorescently labeled cell membrane and then monitor the recovery of fluorescence in this region over time. Which of the following conclusions or observations could be accurately derived from their FRAP experiment?
a. A rapid recovery of fluorescence exclusively around the periphery of the bleached area suggests active transport of proteins into the bleached region rather than diffusion.
b. If the fluorescence recovers rapidly, it implies that the bleached membrane proteins are replaced by unbleached ones from adjacent areas, indicating a high degree of lateral mobility in the membrane.
c. After photobleaching, the immediate increase in fluorescence outside the bleached area indicates efficient energy transfer from adjacent fluorescent molecules, suggesting strong protein-protein interactions in the membrane.
d. A slow or incomplete recovery of fluorescence indicates a high degree of fluidity in the lipid bilayer, suggesting that the membrane proteins are freely diffusing without any constraints.
e. If the fluorescence in the bleached area recovers quickly to pre-bleach levels, it suggests that the membrane proteins are largely immobile and tightly anchored in the lipid bilayer.
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