Derek is an addictions counselor who is working with Carl. Carl keeps moving from the contemplation stage of change to the preparation stage and back again. Carl is finally starting to make some comments that convince Derek that Carl is getting more serious about making a change. Derek then begins to ask Carl open-ended questions, provides him affirmations and positive reinforcement, engages in reflective listening, and provides Carl summaries or paraphrases of what Carl has said. What is Derek doing to help move Carl to the action stage?