Professor Snape was shocked when half of his class earned D’s and F’s on the potions exam! in the next class he delivered a stern lecture about their effort, admonishing the class for failing to meet their obligations, for being lazy, and for not taking their studies seriously. These attributions, which were all __________ attributions, did not really give any consideration to the fact that the students may have had other reasons for failing the exam that were beyond their immediate control (hey, the life of a witch/wizard is tough!)