1. Explain what is meant by the Energy Line (EL) and the Energy Grade Line (EGL)
Use the concepts of EL and EGL to show how you would map the energy distribution in a
hydropower system. Illustrate how energy changes from the water source through the
intake and turbine, down to the exit. Consider the influence of head losses in your
explanation.
2. Classify the different types of turbomachinery.
Based on your classification of turbomachinery, identify which types are suitable for
hydropower applications, particularly focusing on impulse and reaction turbines.
3. Explain the operating principles of Impulse and Reaction Turbines
Describe the features and applications of impulse and reaction turbines in the design of
hydropower systems. Determine whether an impulse or reaction turbine would be more
appropriate based on system flow rate and head (water height).
4. Explain the operating principles, characteristics, and selection of pumps
If a pump is needed to bring water to a system intake or maintain flow, specify how you
would select the type of pump to be used. Select one pump, discuss the principles behind
the selected pump's operation, and explain the operating conditions under which it is
suitable.