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KUSHAL LO

KUSHAL L.

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AWAITING AN EDUCATOR

How prestressing will help a geometry subjected to very high pressure? List some (2] prestressing methods preferred by equipment fabricators.

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Why straight flanges are added in design of domed shaped closers? According to code (2] what is the dimension of straight flanges.

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(a) The reaction \( A+B \rightleftharpoons C \) is carried out adiabatically in a constant volume (batch reactor). The reactants \( \mathrm{A} \) and \( \mathrm{B} \) are introduced at a temperature of \( 100^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \) and initial concentrations of 0.1 and \( 0.125 \mathrm{~mol} / \mathrm{dm} 3 \), respectively. The rate equation is given by: \( r=k_{1} C_{A}^{0.5} C_{B}^{0.5}-k_{2} C_{C} \). Describe the mass balances for all compounds as well as the energy balance for the system in transient state. Determine the concentration and temperature at steady state. Plot the temperature and the concentrations of species as a function of time. Additional Data: \( \Delta H_{R}^{0}(298 \mathrm{~K})=-40 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} ; k_{1}(373 \mathrm{~K})=2 \times 10^{-3} 1 / \mathrm{s} ; k_{2}(373 \mathrm{~K})=2 \times \) \( 10^{-5} 1 / \mathrm{s} ; C_{P A}=25 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol} . K ; C_{P B}=25 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol} . K ; C_{P C}=40 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol} . K ; E_{1}=100 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} ; \) \( E_{2}=150 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \)

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A batch adiabatic reactor at an initial temperature of \( 373 \mathrm{~K} \) is being used for the reaction \( A \rightarrow \) \( B \). Assume the heat of reaction is \( -1 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \) at \( 373 \mathrm{~K} \) and the heat capacity of both \( A \) and \( B \) to be constant and equal to \( 50 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol} \mathrm{K} \). What will be the temperature rise for a conversion of 0.6 ?

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- The elementary liquid-phase reactions take place in a \( 10-\mathrm{dm}^{3} \) CSTR. What are the effluent concentrations for a volumetric feed rate of \( 1000 \mathrm{dm}^{3} / \mathrm{min} \) at a concentration of \( A \) of \( 0.3 \mathrm{~mol} / \mathrm{dm}^{3} \) ? The inlet temperature is \( 283 \mathrm{~K} \). \[ \mathrm{A} \xrightarrow{k_{1}} \mathrm{~B} \xrightarrow{k_{2}} \mathrm{C} \] Additional information \[ \begin{array}{l} C_{\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{A}}}=C_{\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{B}}}=C_{\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{C}}}=200 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol} \cdot \mathrm{K} \\ k_{1}=3.3 \mathrm{~min}^{-1} \text { at } 300 \mathrm{~K} \text {, with } E_{1}=9900 \mathrm{cal} / \mathrm{mol} \\ k_{2}=4.58 \mathrm{~min}^{-1} \text { at } 500 \mathrm{~K} \text {, with } E_{2}=27,000 \mathrm{cal} / \mathrm{mol} \\ \Delta H_{\mathrm{Rx} 1 \mathrm{~A}}=-55,000 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol} \mathrm{A} \quad U A=40,000 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{min} \cdot \mathrm{K} \text { with } T_{a}=57^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\ \Delta H_{\mathrm{Rx} 2 \mathrm{~B}}=-71,500 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol} \mathrm{B} \end{array} \]

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- A bank of 1000 one-in. schedule 40 tubes \( 1.79 \mathrm{~m} \) in length corresponds to \( 1.0 \mathrm{~m}^{3} \) \( \left(0.001 \mathrm{~m}^{3} /\right. \) tube \( =1.0 \mathrm{dm}^{3} / \) tube \( ) \) and gives \( 20 \% \) conversion. The heat-exchange fluid has a flow rate \( \dot{m}_{c} \) of \( 0.111 \mathrm{~mol} / \mathrm{s} \), with a heat capacity of \( 34.5 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol} \cdot \mathrm{K} \). Plot the conversion and temperature along the length of the reactor - Case 1 The reactor is operated adiabatically. - Case 2 Constant heat-exchange fluid temperature \( T_{a}=1250 \mathrm{~K} \) - Case 3 Co-current heat exchange with \( T_{a 0}=1250 \mathrm{~K} \) Additional information \[ \begin{array}{l} \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{3}(\mathrm{~A}): \mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{A}}^{\circ}\left(T_{\mathrm{R}}\right)=-216.67 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}, C_{\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{A}}}=163 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol} \cdot \mathrm{K} \\ \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CO}(\mathrm{B}): \mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{B}}^{\circ}\left(T_{\mathrm{R}}\right)=-61.09 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}, C_{\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{B}}}=83 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol} \cdot \mathrm{K} \\ \mathrm{CH}_{4}(\mathrm{C}): \mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{C}}^{\circ}\left(T_{\mathrm{R}}\right)=-74.81 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}, C_{\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{C}}}=71 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol} \cdot \mathrm{K} \\ U a=110 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{s} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{3} \cdot \mathrm{K} \end{array} \]

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