A lecturer has a theory that the best learning occurs with the least amount of toxic stress and the most amount of fun and inspiration possible. (S)he believes that “tests” can be part of the learning experience instead of being primarily concerned with “judgment.” Which of the following would represent a “life-cycle forces” level of analysis of his/her theory, using the Forces of Development we examined in class?
Culture values individuals who can demonstrate competitive crystallized knowledge skills. Thus, a lack of strenuous and standardized testing is not preparing students properly
Stress has been related to many physical health problems. Poor physical health will interfere with the cognitive health and performance of students
Although standardized test scores are culturally valued in childhood and young adulthood education, in older adulthood, the ability to SEEK OUT knowledge, APPLY knowledge, and COMMUNICATE knowledge in the workplace, and in social scenarios, is considered more valuable
Cognitive skills associated with intrinsic motivation (to learn above and beyond test-prep) are associated with success