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Maddi Hebert

Maddi H.

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In the days before true chemistry, ancient scholars (alchemists) attempted to find thephilosopher's stone, a material that would enable them to turn lead into gold. Is the conversion of $\mathrm{Pb} \rightarrow$ Au energetically favorable? Explain why or why not.

General Chemistry: Principles, Patterns, and Applications

Nuclear Chemistry

The Interaction of Nuclear Radiation…

Is $\Delta G$ a state function that describes a system or its surroundings? Do its components $-\Delta H$ and $\Delta S-$ describe a system or its surroundings?

General Chemistry: Principles, Patterns, and Applications

Chemical Thermodynamics

Free Energy

Categorize each of the following as representing kinetic energy or potential energy. a. Water cascading over Niagara Falls b. a beaker balanced on the edge of a sink c. the energy released during a mudslide d. rollerblading e. the energy in a block of ice on a rooftop before a thaw

General Chemistry: Principles, Patterns, and Applications

Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions

Energy and Work

Questions asked

ANSWERED

Crystal Wang verified

Numerade educator

The temperature of a solvent remains fixed over time during phase from liquid to solid. However, the temperature of a solution continually decreases over time during phase change from liquid to solid. Explain why

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ANSWERED

Aishwarya Krishnakumar verified

Numerade educator

Consider the biological reduction of molecular nitrogen, for which the following is the minimal reaction stoichiometry under optimal conditions (Pi = phosphate): 8H+ + 8e- + N2 + 16ATP → H2 + 2NH3 + 16ADP + 16Pi What is the approximate ratio of Keq for this reaction and for the same reaction in the absence of ATP? Assume a body temperature of 37°C. Put your answer in scientific notation and round to two decimal places.

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ANSWER IN PROGRESS

Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25°C for the following equilibrium reaction: 2PCl3(g) +O2(g) ⇌ 2POCl3(g) ; ΔGf°(PCl3) = −272.4 kJ/mol, ΔGf°(POCl3) = −558.5 kJ/mol Put your answer in scientific notation and round to two decimal places.

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ANSWERED

Aishwarya Krishnakumar verified

Numerade educator

In what two ways can a closed system exchange energy with its surroundings? Select two of the following. Responses Through the release or absorption of heat q. Through a spontaneous reaction. Through work w on or by the system. Through an increase in temperature.

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ANSWERED

Aishwarya Krishnakumar verified

Numerade educator

Phosphorus exists as several allotropes, the most common being red, black, and white phosphorus. White phosphorus consists of tetrahedral P4 molecules and melts at 44.15°C; it is converted to red phosphorus by heating at 400°C for several hours. The chemical differences between red and white phosphorus are considerable: white phosphorus burns in air, whereas red phosphorus is stable; white phosphorus is soluble in organic compounds, whereas red phosphorus is not; white phosphorus melts at 44.15°C, whereas red phosphorus melts at 597°C. If the enthalpy of fusion of white phosphorus is 0.659 kJ/mol, what is its ΔS?

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Supreeta N verified

Numerade educator

Why does cyclopropane have a positive ΔHf° (12.7 kJ/mol), whereas cyclopentane has a negative ΔHf° (−18.4 kJ/mol)? (Hint: consider bond angles.) Because cyclopentene has a bond angle of 60°, which is much less than the ideal angle of 109.5 Because cyclopropane is mostly free from ring strain, while cyclopentane has a large amount of ring strain. Because cyclopentane is mostly free from ring strain, while cyclopropane has a large amount of ring strain. Because the bonds in cyclopentene is very weak.

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ANSWERED

Aishwarya Krishnakumar verified

Numerade educator

Calculate the change in both enthalpy and entropy when a 3.0 g block of ice melts at 0.0°C [ΔHfus(H2O) = 6.01 kJ/mol]. ΔH = kJ ΔSfus = J/K

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Syon Schlecht verified

Numerade educator

You are in charge of finding conditions to make the reaction A(l) + B(l) → C(l) + D(g) favorable because it is a critical step in the synthesis of your company’s key product. You have calculated that ΔG° for the reaction is negative, yet the ratio of products to reactants is very small. What have you overlooked in your scheme? Responses the crystallization of the products how fast the reactions occurs the temperature of the reaction the reaction kinetics

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ANSWERED

Ronald Prasad verified

Numerade educator

Calculate ΔG° for the reaction Al3+(aq) + F-(aq) ⇌ AlF2+(aq), for which K = 107 at 25°C?

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ANSWERED

Susan Hallstrom verified

Numerade educator

Determine whether the following reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions: K2O2(s) → 2K(s) + O2(g) Responses No, it is not spontaneous under standard conditions. Yes, it is spontaneous under standard conditions.

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