Problem Description
A 4 GHz high-frequency transmission system uses a coaxial cable to connect a transmitter to a
Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Antenna. The PCB substrate is 1.55 mm thick, and the copper track
is 0.035 mm thick. The coaxial cable has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms, matching the
transmitter's output impedance. However, the PCB antenna, designed for optimal radiation
efficiency, has a different impedance of 150 ohms. Due to the impedance mismatch between the
cable and the antenna, a portion of the signal is reflected back towards the transmitter. The
reflected signals result in power loss, reducing the overall efficiency of the transmission system.