Induction. Deep in the Amazon lives a remarkable tree that grows downward from the forest canopy. This upside-down tree, beloved by both sloths and computer-scientists, is called an s-tree. Mathematically, an s-tree has green and black nodes obeying the following rules.
• A green node has 2 children.
• A black node has no children.
Example s-tree:
(a) (10 points) Prove, by induction on the number of nodes, $n$ that an s-tree always has a number of black nodes that is 1 more than the number of green nodes. Don't forget to include the BC, IH, and IS.