3. Find the equations for an equivalent torsional moment, $T_e$, and equivalent bending moment, $M_e$, for a long hollow shaft subjected to torsional and bending moments, $T$ and $M$, respectively, along with an axial compressive load, $F$.
The outer and inner diameters of the long hollow shaft are $d_o$ and $d_i$, respectively. The column factor of the shaft is $\alpha$.
Clearly show all steps one by one to get the bending and thrust stresses induced by the bending moment and the axial compressive load, respectively. 50% will be deducted for answers without showing all steps.
