In Study 2, the scientific/alternative hypothesis is:
People are more likely to help a stranger if there is no one else around than if they are in a group (i.e., the bystander effect). A situation was set up on a busy highway where someone needed help with her car. Researchers observed 100 cars drive by and counted the number of people who stopped and whether they were alone or with other people in the car. People driving with others stopped less often to help than people who were driving alone.
State the null hypothesis: (0.5 pt)
Based on the results, what decision should be made about the null hypothesis? (0.5 pt)
Suppose that the above study contains a confounding variable, and when tested properly, people driving with others actually stop just as often as people driving alone. In this case, the researchers have made a _________________ (Type I or Type II) decision error. (0.5 pt)
