A planar surface has area A
and unit normal n^
. This planar surface resides in a region where the uniform electric field may be expressed as E⃗ =E0u^
, where E0
is its magnitude, and u^
is its direction.Which statement best explains the orientation of the surface relative to the electric field that produces the maximum electric flux, \Phi E
?
 Because the flux depends upon the sine of the angle, the maximum flux is achieved when the unit normal, n^
, points in the direction opposite to the electric field, E⃗
. 
 Because the flux depends upon the cosine of the angle, the maximum flux is achieved when the unit normal, n^
, points in the direction opposite to the electric field, E⃗
. 
 Because the flux depends upon the sine of the angle, the maximum flux is achieved when the unit normal, n^
, is perpendicular to the electric field, E⃗
. 
 Because the flux depends upon the cosine of the angle, the maximum flux is achieved when the unit normal, n^
, is perpendicular to the electric field, E⃗
. 
 Because the flux depends upon the sine of the angle, the maximum flux is achieved when the unit normal, n^
, points in the same direction as the electric field, E⃗
. 
 Because the flux depends upon the cosine of the angle, the maximum flux is achieved when the unit normal, n^
, points in the same direction as the electric field, E⃗
. 
 Because the flux is a scalar quantity, it does not depend upon the orientation of the surface, so every orientation is equivalent. 
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