4. The graph of the function $y = x^4$ is transformed to the graph of the function $y = -2(x - 3)^4 + 1$ by
a. a vertical stretch by a factor of 2, a reflection in the x-axis, a translation of 3 units to the right, and a translation of 1 unit up
b. a horizontal stretch by a factor of 2, a reflection in the x-axis, a translation of 3 units to the right, and a translation of 1 unit up
c. a horizontal compression by a factor of $\frac{1}{2}$, a reflection in the x-axis, a translation of 3 units to the left, and a translation of 1 unit up
d. a horizontal compression by a factor of $\frac{1}{2}$, a reflection in the x-axis, a translation of 3 units to the right, and a translation of 1 unit up