37 2 points
Quentin has a chemistry exam on Monday, but rather than studying, he chooses to spend his weekend partying with his friends. Quentin fails him chemistry exam, and shrugs it
off, saying, "I would have passed it if I had studied". As a result, he protects his self-esteem regarding his ability in chemistry. This is best an example of:
self-handicapping
over-justification
confirmation bias
optimal distinctiveness theory
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