Select the correct choices that complete the sentences.
occurs when the effects of two or more explanatory variables are not separated. Therefore, any relation that may exist between an explanatory variable and
the response variable may be due to some other variable not accounted for in the study.
?is an explanatory variable that was considered in a study whose effect cannot be distinguished from a second explanatory variable in the study.
?is where a researcher randomly assigns the individuals in a study to groups, intentionally manipulated the value of an explanatory variable, controls other
explanatory variables at fixed values, and then records the value of the response variable for each individual.
?is an explanatory variable that was not considered in a study, but that affects the value of the response variable in the study. In addition, this variable is
typically related to other explanatory variables in the study.
?involves the researcher measuring the value of the response variable without attempting to influence the value of either the response or explanatory
variables. That is, the researcher observes the behavior of individuals in the study and records the values of the explanatory and response variables.