Use “Table 13.1 A sampling of E. coli global regulatory systems” to answer the following questions about global regulation. List 11 examples of conditions for which the cell has global regulatory mechanisms? (ex. Carbon limitation) You do not need to describe, just list. List 3 mechanisms BESIDES two-component regulatory systems and Sigma factors for global regulation.
Table 13.1 A sampling of E. coli global regulatory systems Regulatory System Response (protein[s]) Nutrient limitation Carbon Catabolite regulation crp(CAP also Called CRP) Control of fermentative vs cra(Cra) oxidative.metabolism Nitrogen Response to ammonia rpoN limitation ntrBC(NtrBC) Phosphorus Starvation for inorganic phoBR(PhoBR) orthophosphate(P)
Category of mechanism
Some genes, operons regulons, and stimulons
DNA-binding activator or lacara, gal, mal, and numerous repressor other C source operons DNA-binding activator or Enzymes of glycolysis, Krebs cycle repressor Sigma factor( glnA (GS) and operons for amino acid degradation Two-component system Two-component system >38 genes, including phoA (bacterial alkaline phosphatase) and pst operon P uptake)
Growth limitation Stringent response Response to lack of sufficient relA RelA spoT (p)ppGpp metabolism aminoacylated-tRNAs for (SpoT) protein synthesis Stationary phase Switch to maintenance rpoS RpoS, sigma Many genes with g metabolism and stress factor(as) promoters; complex protection effects on many operons Oxygen Response to anaerobic fnr(Fnr) CAP family of DNA- environment binding proteins Response to presence of arcAB(ArcAB Two-component system oxygen
rRNA, tRNA, ribosomal proteins, amino acid biosynthesis operons
>31 transcripts, including narCHj (nitrate reductase) >20 genes, including cob (cobalamin
Stress Osmoregulation
Response to abrupt osmotic upshift Adjustment to osmotic environment
kdpDE(KdpD, Two-component system KapE) envZ/ompR(EnvZ/ Two-component system OmpR) micF sRNA 5oxS (SoxS) AraC family of DNA- binding proteins
kdpFABC(K uptake system)
OmpC and OmpF outer membrane proteins ompF(porin Regulon including sodA(superoxide dismutase and micF(sRNA regulator of ompF Regulon including katG catalase
Oxygen stress
Protection against reactive oxygen species
oxyR(OxyR)
LysR family of DNA- binding proteins Sigma factor (a
Heat shock
Tolerance of abrupt temperature increase
rpoH(RpoH)
Stimulon; Hsps (heat shock proteins), including dnaKdna land grpE chaperones, and loncpP, clpxand hflB(proteases) >10 genes, including rpoH and degP encoding a periplasmic protease) Overlap with RpoE regulon Complex stimulon
Envelope stress
Misfolded Omp proteins
rpoE(RpoE)
Sigma factor(o
Misfolded pilus Tolerance of acidic environment
cpxAR(CpxAR) Many
Two-component system Many
pH shock