For each problem, select the best response.
(a) Chi-square tests are most appropriate for data that
A. can be averaged.
B. have rounding errors.
C. are categorical.
D. have small standard deviations.
E. are normally distributed.
(b) A study was performed to examine the personal goals of children in grades 4, 5 and 6. A random sample of students was selected from grades 4, 5 and 6 from schools in Idaho. The students received a questionnaire regarding achieving personal goals. They were asked what they would most like to do at school: make good grades, be good at sports, or be popular. Each student's gender was also recorded. Which hypotheses are being tested by the chi-square test?
A. The distribution of gender is different for the three personal goals.
B. The null hypothesis is that there is no relationship between personal goals and gender, and the alternative is that there is a positive relationship.
C. The null hypothesis is that there is no relationship between personal goals and gender, and the alternative is that there is some relationship.
D. The null hypothesis is that the mean personal goal is the same for boys and girls, and the alternative is that the means differ.
E. None of the above.
(c) A χ2 statistic provides persuasive evidence against the null hypothesis if its value is
A. a large positive number.
B. close to 0.
C. a large negative number.
D. 1.96
E. close to 1.