QUESTION 5
To appreciate just how rapidly the exponential function can change, even for modest changes in the argument,
evaluate how less likely a random variable is to be at $4\sigma$ deviation than at one $\sigma$ deviation. (This standard language
implies that we are working with the Gaussian distribution of the form $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi\sigma}}e^{-x^2/2\sigma^2}$. "$3\sigma$ deviation" means
the variable $x = 3\sigma$ and so on.)