# Conquering ACT Math and Science 4th

## Educators

### Problem 1

Information in the passage best supports the hypothesis that the number of virus-infected cells decreases as which of the following increases?
A. phagocytic cells
B. CTL-induced apoptosis
C. cell surface receptors
D. external signals

Liuxi S.

### Problem 2

Based on information in the passage, all of the following are true about apoptosis EXCEPT:
F. apoptosis of a cell may be stimulated by both internal and external signals.
G. it is abnormal for a cell to induce its own death through apoptosis.
H. a signal is transmitted to a cell before disintegration occurs.
J. apoptosis may occur during the natural development of an organism.

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### Problem 3

According to Figure 1 and information in the passage, a cell that is prepared for removal by a phagocytic cell looks most like which of the following?

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### Problem 4

According to Figure 1, during which stage of apoptosis do small blisters appear on the cell?
F. Stage 1
G. Stage 2
H. Stage 3
J. Stage 4

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### Problem 5

Is the claim “CTLs act in response to internal signals” consistent with the information provided?
A. No, because CTLs are unique cells found within the nucleus.
B. No, because CTLs respond to external signals from nearby virus-infected cells.
C. Yes, because CTLs kill virus-infected cells, and a viral infection is an internal signal.
D. Yes, because CTLs send signals to each other to start the process of apoptosis.

Liuxi S.

### Problem 6

In Experiment 2, which plant type most likely did NOT have a symbiotic relationship with the fungi?
F. Plant Type 1
G. Plant Type 2
H. Plant Type 3
J. Plant Type 4

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### Problem 7

A botanist claims that a symbiotic relationship exists between each of the plant types studied and the fungi that occur naturally in the soil. The claim is inconsistent with the results of Experiment 2 for which plant type?
A. Plant Type 1
B. Plant Type 2
C. Plant Type 3
D. Plant Type 4

Liuxi S.

### Problem 8

Suppose a set of trials had been done in Experiment 1 in which fungi were introduced to the soil after Week 4. Plant growth during Week 6 would most likely have been:
F. greater for Plant Types 2 and 3 only.
G. less for Plant Types 1 and 4 only.
H. greater for Plant Types 1, 2, and 3.
J. less for all plant types.

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### Problem 9

Studies show that, in nature, specimens of Plant Type 2 reach an average height of 6.1 inches after 6 weeks of growth. Which of the following statements is most accurate based on the data presented?
A. Plant Type 2 grows naturally in northern forests with fungi present in the soil.
B. Plant Type 2 grows naturally in northern forests without fungi present in the soil.
C. Plant Type 2 uses its diffuse root system to absorb nutrients from the soil.
D. Plant Type 2 uses its broad evergreen needles to absorb nutrients from the soil.

Liuxi S.

### Problem 10

Studies show that, in nature, specimens of Plant Type 2 reach an average height of 6.1 inches after 6 weeks of growth. Which of the following statements is most accurate based on the data presented?
A. Plant Type 2 grows naturally in northern forests with fungi present in the soil.
B. Plant Type 2 grows naturally in northern forests without fungi present in the soil.
C. Plant Type 2 uses its diffuse root system to absorb nutrients from the soil.
D. Plant Type 2 uses its broad evergreen needles to absorb nutrients from the soil.

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### Problem 10

During which time period did Plant Type 3 show the least amount of growth?
F. Experiment 1, Week 2 to Week 4
G. Experiment 1, Week 4 to Week 6
H. Experiment 2, Week 2 to Week 4
J. Experiment 2, Week 4 to Week 6

Liuxi S.

### Problem 11

Suppose a fifth plant type was grown in Experiment 2 and the following average growth was reported:
$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text { Plant Type } & \multicolumn{3}{|c|} {\text { Average Plant Growth (in.) }} \\ \hline & \text { Week 2 } & \text { Week 4 } & \text { Week 6 } \\ \hline 5 & 1.6 & 2.7 & 3.4 \\ \hline \end{array}$$
This plant most likely:
A. has a diffuse root system, broad leaves, and grows naturally in the prairie.
B. has a taproot system, evergreen needles, and grows naturally in northern forests.
C. has a diffuse root system, broad leaves, and grows naturally in tropical forests.
D. has a taproot system, grass like leaves, and grows naturally in the prairie.

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### Problem 12

Which of the following generalizations about water levels is most consistent with Scientist 1’s viewpoint?
F. Human intervention has the greatest impact on water levels.
G. Natural forces have the greatest impact on water levels.
H. Humans and nature have an identical impact on water levels.
J. Neither humans nor nature can have an impact on water levels.

Liuxi S.

### Problem 13

With which of the following statements would both scientists be likely to agree?
A. It is critical that the water in the Great Lakes be replenished somehow.
B. The Great Lakes are most stable when humans intervene.
C. Water levels in the Great Lakes cannot be affected by natural phenomena.
D. The Great Lakes have changed over time solely as a result of the ebb and flow of nature.

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### Problem 14

According to Scientist 2, which of the following would be most likely to have the greatest impact on water levels in the Great Lakes?
F. Higher temperatures during the summer months
G. Longer periods of frigid cold during the winter months
H. A heavier-than-normal snowfall in Canada
J. Construction of a dam on the Detroit River

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### Problem 15

Based on Scientist 2’s viewpoint, the Mississippi River contains water diverted from:
A. the St. Lawrence Seaway.
B. Lake Michigan.
C. the Lake Superior Basin.

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### Problem 16

Scientist 1’s viewpoint would most likely be weakened by which of the following statements?
F. Lake level fluctuation has severe consequences for coastal communities.
G. Studies have shown that precipitation and evaporation levels have been stable for the last 50 years.
H. Studies detailing aquifer use announce a dramatic increase in volume in the last 5 years.
J. Recreational boating releases thousands of gallons of petroleum-based chemicals into the water system each year.

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### Problem 17

Given the information regarding the location of the Great Lakes, which of the following would most likely NOT be true of the Great Lakes?
A. The Great Lakes contain only freshwater.
B. The Great Lakes empty directly into the Atlantic Ocean.
C. The Great Lakes supply freshwater to several midwestern states.
D. The Great Lakes are at least partially frozen in the winter.

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### Problem 18

Suppose a study of water levels in Lake Superior revealed that water levels have remained stable since the construction of the Soo Locks. How would this discovery most likely affect the scientists’ viewpoints, if at all?
F. It would strengthen Scientist 1’s viewpoint only.
G. It would weaken Scientist 2’s viewpoint only.
H. It would strengthen both scientists’ viewpoints.
J. It would have no effect on either scientist’s viewpoint.

Liuxi S.

### Problem 19

Which of the following generalizations best fits the results of the study?
A. The effects of dietary supplement X on urinary output cannot be immediately detected.
B. Dietary supplements should be administered over time in order to be effective.
C. Dietary supplement X has no effect on urinary output in horses.
D. The horses in Group R urinated less frequently than did the horses in Group S.

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### Problem 20

In order to best determine the effects of dietary supplement X in this experiment, one should examine:
F. the type of feed that each horse was given.
G. the amount of feed that each horse was given.
H. the urinary output of each horse over time.
J. the average urinary output of a third group.

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### Problem 21

Based on the information in Figure 1, on which day did the control group have the highest urinary output?
A. Day 7
B. Day 4
C. Day 3
D. Day 1

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### Problem 22

During the study, several of the horses in Group R began showing signs of dehydration. According to the passage, what is the most likely cause of this?
F. The low urinary output of the horses in Group R.
G. The amount of water that the horses in Group R were given.
H. The high urinary output of the horses in Group R.
J. The lack of supplements in the diet of the horses in Group R.

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### Problem 23

Which of the following statements is supported by the data presented in Figure 1?
A. Urinary output increased over time for Group S only.
B. Urinary output increased over time for Group R only.
C. Urinary output increased over time for neither Group R nor Group S.
D. Urinary output increased over time for both Group R and Group S.

Liuxi S.