An example of the metabolic strategy of clustering in biochemical pathways by embedding the enzymes in a multi-subunit complex is provided by: A. Pyruvate decarboxylase. B. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. C. Lactate dehydrogenase. D. ATP synthase. E. Hemoglobin. 2. Which one of the following reactions does not occur in mammals? A. pyruvate + NADH → lactate + NAD+ B. ribulose-5-phosphate → ribose-5-phosphate C. mannose + ATP → mannose-6-phosphate + ADP + Pi D. 6-phosphogluconate + NADP+ → ribulose-5-phosphate + NADPH + CO2 E. pyruvate + NADH + H+ → CO2 + ethanol + NAD+ 3. 2,4-dinitrophenol functions as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Which one of the statements best describes its function? A. It inhibits ATP synthase (Complex V). B. It dissipates the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. C. It makes holes in the outer mitochondrial membrane. D. A, B and C. E. B and C. 4. In which cellular location listed below does the following reaction take place? arginine → urea + ornithine A. cytosol. B. mitochondrial matrix. C. lysosome. D. glyoxysome. E. endoplasmic reticulum. 5. The synthesis of tryptophan requires A. serine. B. phosphoenolpyruvate. C. erythrose-4-phosphate. D. all of the above. E. none of the above. 6. The prosthetic group 5’-deoxyadenosylcobalamin is derived from the vitamin A. B1 B. B2 C. B5 D. B6 E. B12
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1. How are non-cyclic and cyclic photophosphorylation similar? A. Both involve an ETS to create a chemiosmotic gradient in order to produce ATP. B. Both use the same electron source when in aerobic conditions. C. Both use water as the final electron acceptor. D. Both use Photosystem I and Photosystem II. 2. What is the theoretical maximum number of ATP molecules that are produced by aerobic respiration if acetyl-CoA is used as the energy source? A. 8 B. 24 C. 30 D. 38 3. Aerobic respiration cannot occur under all of the following conditions, except for which one? A. The cell lacks a cytochrome oxidase. B. The cell lacks enzymes that can minimize the oxidative damage caused by aerobic respiration. C. The cell uses the ED pathway to break down glucose instead of the EMP pathway. D. There is insufficient oxygen present. 4. Which of the following statements about lipid catabolism is NOT true? A. Fatty acids are broken down into smaller subunits via beta-oxidation. B. The NADH and FADH2 produced by beta-oxidation can be used to oxidize glucose molecules in glycolysis. C. Phospholipases can be used by pathogens to attack cell membranes of host cells. D. In order to catabolize triglycerides, the fatty acid chains must first be cleaved from the glycerol backbone. 5. An enzyme in the Krebs cycle, citrate synthase, can be inhibited by succinyl-CoA, which looks like its substrate, acetyl-CoA. This is an example of _____. A. allosteric inhibition B. competitive inhibition C. feedback inhibition D. noncompetitive inhibition 6. What is the theoretical maximum number of ATP molecules that are produced by aerobic respiration if pyruvate is the energy source? A. 8 B. 24 C. 30 D. 38
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6. The metabolic pathway of glycolysis could be considered as: A. A totally irreversible process such as gluconeogenesis B. A process where oxidative (i.e., aerobic) phosphorylation occurs C. A reducing process that forms NADPH D. A process where fructose 6-phosphate functions as a transfer point to other metabolic pathways E. A process where phosphorylation occurs at the substrate level (obtaining ATP) in the phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) reaction 7. Glycolysis produces more energy from glycogenolysis than from free glucose because: A. Pyruvate accumulates B. Glucose is already phosphorylated after the action of glycolysis C. Glucose from glycogenolysis does not undergo glycolysis D. Glucose from glycogenolysis enters the Krebs cycle directly E. The branching enzyme releases glucose 10. The Cori Cycle is essential in a state of: A. Fast B. Hyperglycemia - high blood sugar C. Hypoglycemia - low blood sugar D. Optimal health E. Stress 11. A muscle cell is working extremely hard under conditions of low glucose and an anaerobic environment. One way to get your energy in that state would be: A. All mentioned below B. By means of lactate dehydrogenase C. Through glycogenolysis D. Stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver
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