Consider the various experimental methodologies used for the GWAS study on Same-Sex Sexual behaviors, which type of study is not represented in their analysis? Select one:
a.) Prospective (Cohort) study
b. Meta (analysis) study
c. Genome Wide Association Study
d. Correlational study
e. Case study
2.)Which of the following were among the conclusions drawn by researchers from the GWAS Same-Sex Behavioral Study? Select one or MORE:
a. many loci with individually small effects, spread across the whole genome and partly overlapping in females and males, additively contribute to individual differences in predisposition to same-sex sexual behavior
b. results indicate a defined genetic influence that allows for conclusive statements to be made about the degree to which "nature" and "nurture" influence sexual preference
c. measures of sexual attraction, behavior, fantasies, and identification (as well as nonsexual preferences) were found to be influenced by similar genetic factors
d. results explain only part of the genetic heritability at the population level and do not allow meaningful prediction of an individual's sexual preference
e. observed changes in prevalence of reported same-sex sexual behavior across time raise questions about how genetic and sociocultural influences on sexual behavior might interact
f. the underlying genetic architecture of sexuality is highly complex; there is certainly no single heritable determinant, such as a 'gay gene', as is sometimes referred to in the media
g. different genetic influences on same-sex sexual behavior observed in females and males could reflect sex differences in hormonal influences on sexual behavior
h. the genetic effects that differentiate heterosexual from same-sex sexual behavior are the same as those that differ among non-heterosexuals
3.) In 'How Do Genes Affect Sexual Behavior?', Melinda Mills summarizes for a general audience the principle findings of the GWAS Same-Sex Sexual Behavior Study published by Ganna et al. Which of the following are among the 'main points' that Mills highlights for the reader? Select one or MORE:
a. genetics have a greater impact upon sex-specific differences than regulation of the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen
b. specific genetic variants associated with same-sex sexual behavior have been identified
c. the research further reveals the complexity of human sexuality
d. evidence is provided that genetic variation accounts for a small fraction of same-sex sexual behavior