Enzymes are types of proteins that do two important things to chemical reactions. What are they? a. ______________ b. __________ 2. Active sites are domains/regions on the: A. product B. substrate C. enzyme D. co-factor 3. What is NOT affected/changed during an enzymatic reaction? A. substrate B. enzyme 4. When the substrate is bound to the enzyme, the shape of the enzyme may change slightly, leading to A. an induced fit B. a great range of possible catalytic activities C. a greater supply of activation energy D. more permanent binding through intimate total contact E. more possible products of the reaction 5. What type of chemical bond does NOT form between an enzyme and its substrate in a transient (aka temporary) reaction? A. ionic B. covalent C. H bonds D. hydrophobic 6. Vitamins often are necessary for enzyme activity. What role do these molecules play? A. They compete for the active sites in enzymes to help the enzyme to function. B. They bind to the enzyme and allow for the active site to become active. C. They bind to the substrate and enable it to bind to the enzyme's active site. 7. Certain drugs and poisons irreversibly bind to their corresponding enzyme. What types of chemical interactions are formed between an enzyme and an irreversible inhibitor? A. ionic B. covalent C. hydrogen bonds D. hydrophobic
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Step 1: Enzymes accelerate the reaction by lowering the activation energy. Show more…
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Enzymes help reactions occur in a variety of ways. Select all of those ways from the list below: A) adding energy directly to the system to lower the activation energy. B) binding to a substrate and physically twisting the bonds and atoms to bring them into a conformation more conducive to reacting. C) binding to reactants to bring them into close proximity. 2. A mutation that alters a single amino acid in a region of the enzyme outside of the active site results in a change in the rate at which the enzyme interacts with its substrate. What is the most likely result of the mutation? A) It prevents feedback inhibition of the enzyme. B) It prevents the binding of a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. C) It alters an allosteric site on the enzyme. D) It inactivates the enzyme.
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To form products in a chemical reaction, reactants must first overcome: 1) A thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's entropy. 2) Activation energy: the endothermic level. 3) Equilibrium point. 4) Free-energy content. The active site of an enzyme is the region that: A) Binds allosteric regulators of the enzyme. B) Is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme. C) Binds noncompetitive inhibitors of the enzyme. D) Is inhibited by the presence of coenzyme or cofactor. Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following? A) Denaturation of the enzyme. B) Allosteric inhibition. C) Competitive inhibition. D) Saturation of the enzyme activity. E) Insufficient cofactors. Which of the following is true of enzymes? A) Nonprotein cofactors alter the substrate specificity of enzymes. B) Enzyme function is increased if the 3-D structure or conformation of an enzyme is altered. C) Enzyme function is independent of physical and chemical environmental factors such as pH and temperature. D) Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by lowering activation energy barriers. E) Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by providing activation energy to the substrate. How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction? A) By binding at the active site of the enzyme. B) By changing the shape of the enzyme's active site. C) By changing the free energy change of the reaction. D) By acting as a coenzyme for the reaction.
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All of the following are correct about enzymes EXCEPT (A) the mechanism by which enzymes work is known as lock and key (B) they are proteins (C) they denature at high temperatures (D) they are assisted by vitamins and minerals (E) enzymes are not degraded during a reaction
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