1. Explain why wave summation and tetanus are not possible in cardiac muscle tissue. 47 Activity 2: 2. Explain the effect that extreme vagus nerve stimulation had on the heart. What do you think would happen to the heart rate if the vagus nerve was cut? How does the sympathetic nervous system effect HR (which includes nerve, neurotransmitter, and receptor) Is this a cholinergic or adrenergic effect? - Activity 3: 5. What effect does temperature have on heart rate? Activity 4: Atropine is an acetylcholine antagonist. Does atropine inhibit or enhance the effects of acetylcholine? Did your results confirm this? Describe the effect that pilocarpine had on the heart and specifically why it had this effect.
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Frogs are poikilotherms, which means they can't internally control their temperature. Temperatures increase heart rate while temperatures decrease heart rate. Therefore, the activity of poikilotherms is dependent on the external temperature. Complete the table to predict the effect of different drugs on the denervated frog heart: Neurotransmitter, Hormone or Drug Action Effect on Heart Acetylcholine Released by parasympathetic nerves, such as the vagus nerve. Epinephrine Released into the bloodstream by the adrenal medulla. Atropine Blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the heart. Pilocarpine Stimulates muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the heart.
Sri K.
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You are designing an experiment to examine the performance of a skeletal muscle bundle under different physiological conditions, using an electrical stimulator to initiate the muscle contraction. The first step of the protocol is to determine the stimulator settings that result in the maximum tension that can be developed by the muscle under "standard" conditions, without over-stimulating and potentially damaging the tissue. In order to determine the maximum tension, you should: - adjust both the voltage and frequency of the stimulator. - use standard settings as the contraction will be all-or-none. - adjust only the voltage of the stimulator. - adjust only the frequency of the stimulator. A patient of yours undertakes an activity that results in a rapid increase in the return of blood to their heart. The MOST LIKELY immediate consequence of this is: - an increase in the force of the next cardiac contraction. - a reflex relaxation of the heart muscle to accommodate the extra volume. - a decrease in the heart rate. - negligible, meaning no effect, as the heart is very stiff. Neostigmine is a drug that acts to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. When compared to the absence of the drug, the effect of neostigmine on skeletal muscle will be: - nil, meaning it will have no effect. - a quicker, weaker contraction. - a prolonged, stronger contraction. - inhibition of muscle contraction.
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