Answer/Define the following: 1. First line of defense 2....

Answer/Define the following: 1. First line of defense 2. Second line of defense 3. Innate, nonspecific immunity 4. Adaptive immunity 5. Describe the differences between Humoral (antibody-mediated) Adaptive Immunity and Cellular (cell-mediated) Adaptive Immunity. (As you read through this section in the book, continue to refer back to/view the illustration on page 417, as this will facilitate your understanding). 6. What cell surveils the body, capable of killing cancer cells and virus infected cells, (not by phagocytosis) by releasing perforins (lytic chemicals)? 7. Which Immunoglobulin can cross the placenta, and which one is elevated in an allergic response? 8. What is compliment? 9. Explain the following in a single sentence for each. a. Naturally acquired passive immunity. b. Artificially acquired passive immunity. c. Naturally acquired active immunity. d. Artificially acquired active immunity. 10. What are \"self-antigens\" and how are they important to our immune defense?

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1. First line of defense: The initial barrier or mechanism that the body uses to prevent the entry of pathogens or foreign substances. 2. Second line of defense: The non-specific immune response that occurs when pathogens or foreign substances manage to bypass the first line of defense. 3. Innate, nonspecific immunity: The immune response that is present from birth and provides a general defense against a wide range of pathogens or foreign substances. 4. Adaptive immunity: The immune response that is specific to a particular pathogen or foreign substance and develops over time. 5. Humoral Adaptive Immunity: The immune response that involves the production of antibodies by B cells to neutralize pathogens or foreign substances. Cellular Adaptive Immunity: The immune response that involves the activation of T cells to directly kill infected cells or regulate the immune response. 6. Natural Killer (NK) cells. 7. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) can cross the placenta, and Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is elevated in an allergic response. 8. Complement is a group of proteins that work together to enhance the immune response, including promoting inflammation, opsonization, and cell lysis. 9. a. Naturally acquired passive immunity: Immunity that is transferred from mother to fetus or through breast milk. b. Artificially acquired passive immunity: Immunity that is acquired through the injection of antibodies from another individual or animal. c. Naturally acquired active immunity: Immunity that is acquired through natural exposure to a pathogen, leading to the production of antibodies and memory cells. d. Artificially acquired active immunity: Immunity that is acquired through vaccination, where a weakened or inactivated form of the pathogen is introduced to stimulate an immune response. 10. Self-antigens are molecules or markers present on the body's own cells that distinguish them from foreign cells. They are important in immune defense as they help the immune system recognize and tolerate self-cells while targeting foreign cells or pathogens.

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