1) In eukaryotes, pyruvate is further metabolized via three main catabolic pathways. Circle the following correct statements I. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is oxidized leading to the formation of acetyl-CoA and CO2 II. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is oxidized leading to the formation of acetyl-CoA and CO2 III. Pyruvate can be reduced to lactate and CO2 during lactic fermentation IV. Pyruvate can be reduced to ethanol and CO2 during alcoholic fermentation V. Lactate produced by muscles from pyruvate is converted to glucose in the liver VI. Lactate produced by the liver from pyruvate is converted to glucose in muscles
Added by Ines Y.
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Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is not oxidized to form acetyl-CoA and CO2. Instead, it is reduced to form lactate or ethanol, depending on the organism. So, this statement is incorrect. II. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is indeed oxidized, leading to Show more…
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A glucose molecule enters aerobic respiration and all the six carbons are oxidized to CO2. Out of the six carbons of this glucose molecule, a total of two carbons are oxidized to CO2 in pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction a total of two carbons are oxidized to CO2 in electron transport chain a total of two carbons are oxidized to CO2 in glycolysis a total of two carbons are oxidized to CO2 in TCA cycle Question 2 (1 point) Liver cells need NADH and ATP for gluconeogenesis, which involves both cytoplasm and mitochondria. From cytoplasm, pyruvate enters the mitochondria via transporter protein and in mitochondria, pyruvate undergoes carboxylation and reduction. The reduction produces _________, which is transported from mitochondria to cytoplasm via its transporter protein. malate 2-phosphoglycerate succinate citrate phosphoenolpyruvate
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1. What does the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex do? Choose one: A. It completes the oxidation of pyruvate to CO2 in the mitochondrial matrix. B. It converts pyruvate into acetyl CoA in the mitochondrial matrix. C. It converts pyruvate into acetyl CoA in the cytosol. D. It produces pyruvate in the cytosol. E. It regenerates NAD+ in the mitochondrial matrix. ---- 2. The major products of the citric acid cycle are Choose one: A. H2O and ATP. B. pyruvate and ATP. C. CO2 and NADH. D. NADH and ATP. -------- 3. Why is the presence of oxygen required for the citric acid cycle to operate? Choose one: A. because oxygen oxidizes several enzymes in the citric acid cycle B. because oxygen combines with carbon from acetyl CoA to form the citric acid product CO2 C. because the NADH passes its electrons to oxygen in the electron transport chain to renew NAD+ D. because oxygen forms the water that is used in hydrolysis reactions in the citric acid cycle ----------- 4. What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain? Choose one: A. coenzyme B. reducing agent C. transporter D. electron acceptor ----- 5. About how many molecules of ATP are produced by the complete oxidation of glucose to H2O and CO2? Choose one: A. 3 B. 2 ATPs from glycolysis + 1 GTP from the citric acid cycle C. 4 D. 2 E. 30
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Pyruvate oxidation is a process that produces (per pyruvate): a. 1 NADH, 1 ATP, 1 FADH2 b. 2 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 FADH2 c. 2 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 Acetyl CoA d. 1 NADH, 1 CO2, 1 Acetyl CoA QUESTION 2 Substrate level phosphorylation produces ATP by: a. directly transferring a Phosphate from another molecule b. using ATP c. using electrons for energy d. stealing them from other cells
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