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In multiple sclerosis, there is progressive and intermittent damage to the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves. This results in poor motor control of the affected area. Why does destruction of the myelin sheath affect motor control? Also, name the neuroglia that make up the myelin of CNS & PNS? 2. Kelsey falls down a flight of stairs and suffers spinal cord damage due to hyperextension of the cord during the fall. The injury results in edema of the central cord with resulting compression of the anterior horn cells of the lumbar region. What symptoms would one expect to observe as a result of this injury? 3. Jenny has had a stroke, caused by a blood clot obstructing blood flow to her left parietal lobe. She seems to have a problem with understanding words and concepts now, but her speech and hearing are fine. What specific area of the brain has been damaged? What support do you have for your choice? 4. Meningitis is a condition in which the meninges of the brain become inflamed as a result of a viral or bacterial infection. This condition can be life-threatening. Explain why? Also, list all cerebral meninges starting from the outermost to the innermost layer. 5. A condition known as Bell's palsy is thought to be caused by an inflammation of the facial nerve (VII). What symptoms would one expect to see in a person suffering from this condition? 

          In multiple sclerosis, there is progressive and intermittent damage to the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves. This results in poor motor control of the affected area. Why does destruction of the myelin sheath affect motor control? Also, name the neuroglia that make up the myelin of CNS & PNS? 

2. Kelsey falls down a flight of stairs and suffers spinal cord damage due to hyperextension of the cord during the fall. The injury results in edema of the central cord with resulting compression of the anterior horn cells of the lumbar region. What symptoms would one expect to observe as a result of this injury?

3. Jenny has had a stroke, caused by a blood clot obstructing blood flow to her left parietal lobe. She seems to have a problem with understanding words and concepts now, but her speech and hearing are fine. What specific area of the brain has been damaged? What support do you have for your choice?

4. Meningitis is a condition in which the meninges of the brain become inflamed as a result of a viral or bacterial infection. This condition can be life-threatening. Explain why? Also, list all cerebral meninges starting from the outermost to the innermost layer.

5. A condition known as Bell's palsy is thought to be caused by an inflammation of the facial nerve (VII). What symptoms would one expect to see in a person suffering from this condition?
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Biology for AP Courses
Biology for AP Courses
Julianne Zedalis, John Eggebrecht
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In multiple sclerosis, there is progressive and intermittent damage to the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves. This results in poor motor control of the affected area. Why does destruction of the myelin sheath affect motor control? Also, name the neuroglia that make up the myelin of CNS & PNS? 2. Kelsey falls down a flight of stairs and suffers spinal cord damage due to hyperextension of the cord during the fall. The injury results in edema of the central cord with resulting compression of the anterior horn cells of the lumbar region. What symptoms would one expect to observe as a result of this injury? 3. Jenny has had a stroke, caused by a blood clot obstructing blood flow to her left parietal lobe. She seems to have a problem with understanding words and concepts now, but her speech and hearing are fine. What specific area of the brain has been damaged? What support do you have for your choice? 4. Meningitis is a condition in which the meninges of the brain become inflamed as a result of a viral or bacterial infection. This condition can be life-threatening. Explain why? Also, list all cerebral meninges starting from the outermost to the innermost layer. 5. A condition known as Bell's palsy is thought to be caused by an inflammation of the facial nerve (VII). What symptoms would one expect to see in a person suffering from this condition?
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Multiple sclerosis causes demyelination of axons in the brain and spinal cord. Why is this problematic?

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Transcript

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0:00 Hello everyone.
00:01 So here we are given a series of questions out of which the first question is why destruction of myelin sheath affected the motor control.
00:11 So we can say that myelin sheath is something which surround the nerve fibers.
00:20 So we know that myelin sheath are seen surrounding the nerve fibers.
00:24 So if this nerve, myelin sheath are damaged or destroyed, the transmission of nerve impalves.
00:31 Is slowed or blocked.
00:34 Usually we know that impulses are flowed through the myelin sheath from node to node.
00:40 But here when myelin sheath is damaged or destroyed the impulse flows continuously through the nerve fiber, a process which is slower than jumping from node to node instead of jumping from node to nod.
00:56 So this is a slower process than for first one that is with having a myelin.
01:01 Now the second question here asked is what are the main glial sorry to name the glia of to name the neuroglia that make up cns and pns.
01:33 So the main glial cells of central nervous system or cns are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia.
01:42 For us in the case of pns, that is peripheral nervous system the main glial cells are swan cells satellite glial cells and enteric glia the next question here asked is kelsey falls down a flight of stairs and she suffered from this spinal cord damage spinal code damage spinal code damage also she had the injury results in edema of the central code that results compression of the anterior horn cells of lumbar region.
02:23 So here we are asked what symptoms would she expect to observe as a result of this injury.
02:31 So we can say that.
02:33 So as a result of this damage, the anterior horn cells of lumbar region is affected.
02:39 This anterior horn cells of lumbar region controls the activity of skeletal muscle that is the movement of hip, leg and foot.
02:47 So as a result of this kelsey have walking or standing problem since these functions are controlled by the muscles of lower limb.
02:55 Next question here asked is jenny had a stroke and she now has a problem with the understanding words and concept.
03:11 Problem with the understanding words and concepts.
03:22 But her speech and hearing are fine...
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