1. Put the words in the word bank below into the correct order for the pathway of fluids through your urinary system. You must include EACH of the terms in the word bank below in your answer. 2. For each of the following scenarios explain 1 way in which your nephrons and directly attached structures would fix the problem and how they fix the problem. (Ex. If you have high blood pressure then one of the ways your body would work to decrease it would be through the glomerulus. As blood pressure increases, more fluid is forced out of the glomerulus and into the glomerular capsule. This will lead to an increased amount of fluid being expelled from the body -you cant use this example in your answer). • Scenario 1: Your realize this is the last week of class and your blood pressure shoots up as you think about the exam coming up. • Scenario 2: You ace the exam but now you're too relaxed and your blood pressure drops too low, PCT ascending limb urethra renal corpuscle collecting tubule nephron loop Word bank required to answer Question #1 of this assignment. collecting duct DCT descending limb renal sinus glomerular capsule Word Bank minor calyx ureteral openings internal urethral sphincter glomerulus ureter urinary bladder external urethral sphincter renal pelvis afferent arteriole major calyx
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Step 1: Afferent arteriole - Blood enters the nephron through the afferent arteriole. Show more…
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The Urinary System Assignment Answer the following questions on the urinary system: What are the three functions of the nephron? Where within the nephron do each of the above functions occur? Be sure to indicate if any of these functions occur only, or to a higher degree, within a specific region of the nephron. What are the four regions of the nephron? Compare and contrast these regions, with the following in mind: - Location within the kidney. - Location relative to the other regions. - Tissue composition. - Function Answer these questions about the kidneys and blood pressure: Why do the kidneys have control over blood pressure? What structure(s) within the nephron control blood pressure and what pathway do they initiate? What is one response, triggered by the pathway above, within the body that increases blood pressure? Be specific. Describe the pathway of fluid through the kidneys, starting at the renal artery and ending with urination, using all of the terms from the word bank below. Please be sure to bold each term in your answer. Word bank required to answer Question #4 of this assignment: - PCT - ascending limb - urethra - renal corpuscle - collecting tubule - podocytes - interlobular artery - glomerular filtration - nephron loop - collecting duct - microvilli - interlobar artery - DCT - descending limb - renal sinus - glomerular capsule - urine - arcuate artery - minor calyx - filtrate - detrusor muscle - ureteral openings - internal urethral sphincter - microvilli - tubular reabsorption - glomerulus - ureter - urinary bladder - external urethral sphincter - simple cuboidal epithelium - renal pelvis - filtration slits - tubular secretion - afferent arteriole - major calyx - segmental artery
Madhur L.
13. Describe how each of the following hormones regulates reabsorption: HORMONE SUBSTANCE(S) REGULATED? HOW REGULATION OCCURS? Aldosterone Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) 14. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is the rate at which filtrate (and therefore urine) is produced. Your blood pressure varies on a daily basis for a variety of reasons, and this affects GFR: high blood pressure = high GFR (because blood is ‐pushing harder" on the walls of the glomerular capillaries, like a hose turned on high), low blood pressure = low GFR. In spite of these changes in blood pressure, your kidneys are able to compensate and maintain a relatively constant GFR, and thus a relatively constant production of urine. Under NORMAL conditions (blood pressure not too low or too high), GFR (and therefore urine production) is maintained by the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), through a process called renal autoregulation. In the diagram below, LABEL the components of the JGA (afferent arteriole, granular cells, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), macula densa) and draw an ARROW pointing to where mesangial cells would be found. Efferent arteriole Proximal Convoluted Tubule Renal autoregulation occurs through two mechanisms: ● Myogenic response: granular cells relax or contract in response to changes in - LOW blood pressure → granular cells relax / contract (circle one) → afferent arteriole becomes smaller / larger (circle one) → more / less (circle one) blood flows into glomerulus → filtration rate restored
Adi S.
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