00:01
Okay, in order to answer this question, we have to talk about transduction pathway.
00:04
This question says, respiratory symptoms of asthma, asthma result from constriction of bronchialis or bronchial of lungs from contraction of smooth muscle of their walls.
00:16
This constriction can be reversed by raising cyclic amp in a smooth muscle.
00:21
Which choice explains a therapeutic effect of albutary for asthma.
00:27
Option a says albutaryl has no effect.
00:30
On adenylide 6 cyclase, and this is false, okay? option b, zs albutaryl reduces adenylate cyclase, and this is also false.
00:38
Option cis, albutaryl activates adenylate cyclase, and this is true, and this is the answer for this question.
00:45
Why? well, practically, you're going to have here your smooth muscle, for example.
00:49
And here you're going to have a receptor that is attached to a g protein.
00:55
Okay, here you have the alpha subjunion, the pila subjunion, and the gamma subjunct.
00:59
Here it is going to be bound to gdp.
01:01
Normally when albutaryl is not bound here but once albuterol binds there it is going to bind to gtp and this alpha subjunit is going to go and activate this enzyme that is called adenylide anhyl cyclase okay and this adenylidylid cyclase is going to break atp down to cyclic amp and this is how the levels of cyclic a amp are going to rise and this is going to help for this is going to help when a person has broken constriction like asthma asm okay so option c is for this question.
01:33
The next question says, how is some mutation in the gene for fructosex bifosphatease in liver possibly associated with metabolic acidosis? it means increased levels of blood lactate.
01:44
And well, if this is your process of lycolysis, you have here glucose.
01:49
They're going to break this glucose down to two pyruvate molecules.
01:53
This is what normally happens in glycolysis, okay? then each of these pyromates is going to enter mitochondrone and they are going to be converted to acetylchase.
02:06
Acetylchasexia here and then both of them are going to enter the cretlcule.
02:09
Okay, this is one pathway.
02:11
When oxygen is not available in the cell, all of this is going to be blocked and your pyrobin is going to shan to the lactic acid fermentation, where it is going to produce lactic acid.
02:24
Another pathway is the process of gluconogenesis.
02:26
That is particularly the reverse process of glycolysis, where this pyrobin is going to be converted to oxaloacetate, then to malign, then this malady is going to leave mitochondrone to the cytosol, then it's going to be converted back to oxaloacetate, and then to phosphhenol pyruvate.
02:43
And then the process of glycolysis is going to be reversed.
02:45
And here, you're going to have another enzyme that is not reversible, and you have to have another enzyme that is going to be used in order to move back, okay, backwards.
02:55
And this enzyme is going to be called fructose 1 -6 by phosphatase.
03:02
By phosphatase.
03:04
And remember this process is called gluconogenesis in the liver.
03:07
So it says, what happens if you have a mutation for this enzyme here? and practically that is not going to work.
03:15
So if this enzyme does not work, then you are not going to be able to do the process of glycogenesis...