1 Tropical acacia trees are hosts to a particular species of ants. The ants are provided with shelter and nutrients from the trees. The trees are protected from other predatory insects by the ants. 2 The protozoan Opalina ranarum lives in the digestive tract of some frogs and obtains nutrients in this way without harming the frog. 3 The protozoan Plasmodium is the cause of malaria. Plasmodium lives in the bloodstream of humans and reproduces inside red blood cells causing the red blood cells to burst. 9. Match the ecological relationships, as numbered above, with the types of symbiosis given below. Ecological Relationship: Type of Symbiosis: Commensalism Mutualism (Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section below.) Your answer: Parasitism
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Read the scenario and match the symbiotic relationship. Question 1 options: commensalism mutualism parasitism 1. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria get a place to live and food in the roots of plants while helping the plant. 2. Bromeliads are plants that live on the tall trees in the rainforest. The tree is not harmed by them. 3. Ticks can attach to the skin of humans or other mammals. The ticks feed on the blood to grow.
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Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism Competition Predation 1. Although termites can physically chew and ingest wood, they are incapable of chemically digesting the wood. Inside the termite is an intestinal flagellate that secretes the enzymes necessary for the termite to digest the wood. The flagellates live only inside the hindgut of termites. 2. Barnacles create homesites by attaching themselves to whales. This relationship neither harms nor benefits the whale. 3. Tapeworms, for example, live inside the intestines of humans and farm animals. They obtain digested food and shelter from their hosts. Hence, the hosts are likely to suffer from low nutrition. 4. The stork uses its saw-like bill to cut up the dead animals it eats. As a result, the dead animal carcass is accessible to some bees for food and egg-laying. The relationship neither harms nor benefits the stork. 5. Honey guide birds alert and direct badgers to beehives. The badgers then expose the hives and feed on the honey first, and then honey guide birds eat. 6. A remarkable 3-way symbiosis appears to have evolved between an ant, a butterfly caterpillar, and an acacia tree in the American Southwest. The caterpillars have nectar organs from which the ants drink, and the acacia tolerates the feeding caterpillars. The ants appear to provide some protection for both the plant and caterpillar. 7. Mistletoe is a plant that people hang above doorways at Christmas-time. Before it gets picked and hung inside, it grows by living off of other plants. Mistletoe grows on woody plants, taking nutrients and moisture from them. It also "strangles" them, reducing the nutrients that the plant can take in.
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