1. What advantages and disadvantages were encountered by the
first plants to venture out onto land? Give a few examples of plant
adaptations to life on land.
2. Using an example of a familiar plant, describe its life cycle
as it alternates between multicellular sporophyte and gametophyte
stages. Describe these multicellular stages and explain where
fertilization, mitosis, and meiosis occur in the life cycle.
3. As vascular plants evolved, they developed several important
evolutionary advances. Explain the importance of each of the
following:
a. vascular tissue
b. seeds
c. flowers
d. fruits
4. Explain how biologists use variations in body plans to
categorize animals. Be sure to describe different types of:
a. symmetry
b. tissue organization
c. body cavities
d. modes of early development
5. List the major groups of extant (living) vertebrates, along
with their distinguishing characteristics. Also, explain the
evolutionary changes that resulted in groups branching off from
each other (e.g. jaws, limbs, etc.).