1. What are the essential parts of a signaling pathway? 2. How could activating a transcription factor cause long-term cellular changes? 3. What roles can phosphorylation play in protein function? 4. What is the enzymatic activity of a kinase and of a phosphatase?
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The essential parts of a signaling pathway are the ligand, receptor, transducer, and effector. In general, a signaling pathway involves the following steps: a ligand binds to a receptor, which activates a transducer, which in turn activates an effector, leading to Show more…
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A signaling pathway proceeds through three protein kinases that are sequentially activated by phosphorylation. In one case, the kinases are held in a signaling complex by a scaffold protein. In the other, the kinases are freely diffusing. Discuss the properties of these two types of organization in terms of the signal amplification, speed, and potential cross talk between signaling pathways.
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