1. What is a phylogeny? 2. What do the lines represent in a cladogram? 3. What is a lineage? 4. What is a node on a cladogram (i.e., where would you find a node in a cladogram)? What do nodes represent? 5. What do the forks / splits in a cladogram represent? 6. What is a taxon? What is the plural form of ‘taxon’? Where are taxa found in a cladogram? 7. What is a synapomorphy? Where are they found in a cladogram? 8. What are sister taxa? Give an example.
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Step 1: A phylogeny demonstrates the evolutionary relationships between broad groups of organisms. Show more…
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Questions 4-6 will focus on the example phylogeny below. This phylogeny is a simplification that uses made-up animals. Each black letter refers to a species. Each blue letter represents an extinct common ancestor. Each red square represents an innovation and is labeled with the new trait: Loss of Stripes Tail Jaws Eyes Antennae Legs Stripes 4. Define the term "outgroup" in your own words and identify the outgroup in this phylogeny. (1 pt) 5. In your own words, define "Sister groups." Based on this phylogeny, which two species are sister species? (1 pt) 6. Identify the common ancestor shared by species B, C, and D. What traits would you expect this common ancestor to exhibit? (2 points).
What is a phylogenetic tree?
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