1) What is the enzyme complex responsible for...

1) What is the enzyme complex responsible for transcription? Give Transcription a Try: Follow the instructions to create an mRNA molecule using complementary base pairing (remember that RNA does not use the base thymine, but uses uracil instead). Once you finish, the video will continue. 2) How many nucleotides are found in a codon? 4) What are the three components needed for Translation? 5) What are the two major components of a tRNA necessary for translation to take place? 6) What kind of base pairing occurs between the codon and anti-codon during translation? 7) What determines the shape of a protein? Complete the "Give Translation a Try" exercise. The video will continue once you finish translating a protein sequence. 8) What happens when the ribosome encounters a Stop codon?

Transcript

00:01 So dna is used to make proteins, which make up so much of our body.

00:06 And there's two major processes that are involved in taking dna into proteins.

00:12 First one is called transcription.

00:16 And the biggest player involved in transcription is in rna polymerase.

00:23 M rna polymerase will unzip that dna.

00:28 So split the two helixes apart.

00:30 And then it will read one of them.

00:33 And make a reflection of it.

00:37 And that reflection is going to be called m -r -n -a or messenger rna.

00:42 Now, to give you an example of this, if we had a dna strand, that was a -c -c -g -t -a -g, the reflection or the m -r -n -a we would make from that is u -g -g -c -a -u -c.

01:04 So you'll notice that this is very similar to what we already know about dna.

01:09 It comes in pairs, the u and the c, sorry, the c and the g always go together, the t and the a always go together.

01:16 The only odd thing here is that m rna does not have t, it does not have that thine mean.

01:22 Instead it has u or uracil.

01:24 But other than that, it always moves in the same way.

01:29 And when we're working with dna and rna, we usually look at groups of three, which we will call codons.

01:42 Next up we have the process of translation where we're going to be taking this mrna strand and making a protein from it.

01:59 And we'll need three major components.

02:02 We'll need this mrna, obviously, and then we'll also need a ribosome, which will move along the mrna and we'll read it and then we will have t rnas which will convert what the m rna says and turn it into proteins.

02:22 So those t rnas look a little bit like this.

02:26 It's kind of like an upside down sock but they have two very important pieces.

02:31 Down at the bottom they will have what is called an anticodon and it's called that because it will look at one of the codons of mrna and make another reflection of that.

02:48 So in this example, if we know that the ribosome is reading the first little bit of mrn, which says ug, then the anti -codon to that is going to be a reflection...

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