1. Which of the following is characteristic of a synapse? (Select ALL that apply) Increased concentrations of acetylcholine Decreased concentrations of dopamine Increased concentrations of calcium Decreased concentrations of potassium 2. During resting potential, which of the following concentrations is greatest inside the neuron's cytoplasm? Water Chloride Potassium Sodium 3. Which of the following parts of a neuron is damaged in a patient with Parkinson's disease? Node of Ranvier Axon Myelin sheath Dendrites 4. How many chromosomes with a zygote have if meiosis II during spermatogenesis is unsuccessful? (Assume that the chromosome number of the secondary oocyte is normal) 69 92 46 23 5. Which of the following results from a positive feedback of LH? Increased GnRH Increased testosterone Increased estradiol Ovulation 6. In which of the following cell types would crossing over be observed? (Select ALL that apply) Oocyte Somatic cell Gamete Skin cell
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A synapse is the junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter. Show more…
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Assume that a single IPSP (inhibitory postsynaptic potential) has a negative magnitude of -0.5 mV at the axon hillock, and that a single EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential) has a positive magnitude of +0.5 mV. For a neuron with an initial membrane potential of -70 mV, the net effect of the simultaneous arrival of six IPSPs and two EPSPs would be to move the membrane potential to: Select one: a. -72 mV b. -70 mV c. -68 mV d. -69 mV e. -71 mV When blood sugar is low, which of the following is released into the blood? Select one: a. acetylcholine b. glucagon c. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) d. insulin e. oxytocin Nervous system cells that are not neurons but help support the function of neurons are called: Select one: a. autonomic cells b. grey matter c. glial cells d. parasympathetic cells e. sympathetic neural cells In the suckling response during breastfeeding, the hormone that promotes milk release is: Select one: a. follicle stimulating hormone b. oxytocin c. glucagon d. lactose e. lutenizing hormone All photoreceptors, in all organisms, have the following in common: Select one: a. they detect red, blue, and yellow b. they contain a light-absorbing pigment c. they use lenses d. they are motor neurons e. they are modified hair cells Functionally, which cellular location is the neuron's "decision-making site" as to whether or not an action potential will be initiated? Select one: a. the axon nucleus b. the axon excitatory membrane c. the axon hillock d. the axon resurginator e. the axon dendrite
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31/The nerve fibers that innervate smooth muscle have varicosities which release their neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. 32/The passive movement of water to even the concentration of dissolved particles on either side of a semi-permeable membrane is known as osmosis. 33/The portion of the brain involved in understanding speech and using words is located in the frontal lobe of the cerebrum. 34/The posterior pituitary gland stores and releases hormones synthesized by the hypothalamus. 35/The primary purpose of stratification, or layering, in epithelial tissue is for increased protection. 36/The protective dead layer of cells of the outer epidermis is called the stratum corneum. 37/The 'repolarization' phase of the action potential is due primarily to K+ flow out of the cell. 38/The smallest pair of cranial nerves that arise from the midbrain and carry motor impulses to the muscles of the eye are the trochlear nerves. 39/The tails of a phospholipid molecule are hydrophobic. 40/The term simple refers to the fact that a tissue has only one layer of cells. 41/The term used to describe the type of solution in which cells will lose water to their environment is hypertonic. 42/A change in the postsynaptic potential that brings membrane potential closer to threshold is called an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). 43/One important function of melanin is to absorb harmful radiation. 44/The Golgi apparatus packages proteins into secretory vesicles. 45/Transitional epithelium lines the urinary bladder and is capable of distension. 46/Leak channels in the membrane of neurons allow ions to move across the membrane at rest, thereby contributing to resting membrane potential. 47/Ligand-gated channels in the membrane of neurons open or close in response to a neurotransmitter binding to its receptor. 48/When a person thinks and solves problems, the frontal lobe of the cerebrum is involved. 49/When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of negative feedback. 50/Erythrocytes can be described as being a biconcave disk. 51/Oxytocin, secreted by the pituitary gland, is involved in uterine contraction during labor. 52/Skeletal muscle tissue is multinucleate, voluntary, and bears striations. 53/The synergistic effects of hormones refer to two or more hormones working together to produce a particular result. 54/Large diameter is associated with increased conduction velocity in an axon. 55/Potassium is found in greater concentration inside the cell in comparison to outside the cell. 56/An example of spatial summation is two stimuli from two sources producing graded potentials on the same neuron at the same time such that the two potentials sum. 57/Muscle is not a connective tissue. 58/Salivary gland is not an endocrine gland. 59/Skeletal muscles would not be innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. 60/The dorsal column-medial lemniscus tract would most likely carry sensory impulses about muscle or tendon stretch to the brain.
Mr. Miller is hospitalized for cardiac problems. Somehow, medical orders are mixed up and Mr. Miller is infused with a K+-enhanced intravenous solution meant for another patient who is taking potassium-wasting diuretics (i.e., drugs that cause excessive loss of potassium from the body in urine). Mr. Miller's potassium levels are normal before the IV is administered. 12. On what side of the cell membrane is K+ in high concentration under normal conditions - inside or outside? Type answer as 1 word from the 2 choices given, using lowercase letters. (1 point) 13. On what side of the cell membrane is K+ in low concentration under normal conditions - inside or outside? Type answer as 1 word from the 2 choices given, using lowercase letters. (1 point) 14. Name the phase of the action potential that K+ is responsible for causing. If more than one, choose the first phase K+ causes. Type answer as 1 word from the 3 choices of phases of the action potential, using lowercase letters. (1 point) 15. Which way does K+ move during this phase from question 14 - into the cell or out of the cell? Type answer as 1 of the 2 choices given, using lowercase letters. (1 point) 16. Intravenous means that the K+ solution was infused into which specific tissue fluid of the body? Type answer as 1 word using lowercase letters. (1 point) 17. When Mr. Miller is infused with the K+-enhanced solution, where will K+ concentration increase, inside or outside of the cell? Type answer as 1 word from the 2 choices given, using lowercase letters. (1 point) 18. What will happen to the resting membrane potential of his neurons - depolarize, repolarize, or hyperpolarize? Type answer as 1 word from the 3 choices given, using lowercase letters.
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