1) Which of the following is NOT true of transcription / translation processes in both bacteria and eukaryotes? a. Protein is encoded by the "genetic code", with amino acids specified by codons ("words" made of 3 bases). b. Translation of a polypeptide can occur before transcription of the mRNA is finished. c. RNA polymerase reads the template DNA strand to produce the complementary mRNA transcript. d. Polypeptide chains are formed by linking amino acids according to the sequence encoded by the mRNA associated with a ribosome. 2) Repressors inhibit prokaryotic transcription by a. Binding to the promoter/operator region in front of an operon inhibiting the expression of a few genes b. Binding to the promoter/operator region in front of an operon inhibiting the expression of one gene c. Binding to the spliceosome to prevent snRNP activity. d. Binding to the RBS region of the mRNA transcript 3) RNA can be used to regulate translation in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. How is this achieved? a. Small RNA fragments can bind to mRNA and block ribosome movement along the transcript b. RNA fragments can bind to genes on DNA that encode ribosomal proteins and block their synthesis by interfering with RNA polymerase. c. Small RNA fragments can bind to the ribosome causing degradation of the ribosome. d. RNA primers are needed to initiate the polymerization of mRNA so if those primers were not available mRNA would not be made and so would not be available for translation 4) In the genetic code, the codon 5' GAU 3' encodes _________. a. Aspartic acid. b. Terminator (stop codon). c. Methionine (initiator codon). d. Serine. e. Asparagine. 5) Which is/are true about the enzymatic activity that creates peptide bonds during polypeptide polymerization? Pick all that apply. Marks will be deducted for incorrect choices a. Ribosome subunits would be found only in the cytoplasm and would not be found in the nucleus. b. rRNA is responsible for the movement of protons and electrons and so is a type of ribozyme c. Polypeptides are constructed on ribosomes in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes which lack organelles. d. The proteins in the ribosome are responsible for the movement of protons and electrons needed for peptide bond formation e. The enzyme used to make polypeptides works within the nucleus although it itself is made in the cytoplasm
Added by Sheri V.
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Translation of a polypeptide can occur before transcription of the mRNA is finished. This is true for prokaryotes but not for eukaryotes, as in eukaryotes, transcription and translation are separated by the nuclear membrane. Show more…
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Within the ribosome, the formation of peptide bonds is catalyzed by: a) RNA in the large ribosomal subunit. b) tRNA synthetase. c) peptide in the small ribosomal subunit. d) the tRNA itself. 2. At which site on the DNA of a gene does the RNA polymerase release its newly made RNA? a) stop codon b) TATATT c) terminator d) upstream region 3. RNA polymerase does not have 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. What is the consequence of this? a) Transcription is more error-prone than DNA replication. b) RNA polymerase is more accurate than DNA polymerase. c) RNA is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction. d) DNA replication is more error-prone than translation. 4. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the lifetime of mRNA? a) The cap and poly-A tail protect the mRNA from degradation. b) Proteins that are needed in great abundance tend to have longer mRNA lifetimes. c) Eukaryotic mRNAs tend to have a shorter lifetime than prokaryotic mRNAs. d) Sequences within the mRNA can regulate the lifetime of the molecule. 5. What is NOT true about codons? a) Some codons code for more than one amino acid. b) Codons bind to complementary anticodons in tRNA. c) Several different codons can code for the same amino acid. d) Some codons do not code for amino acids. 6. Match the protein to its function in transcription. Recognizes promoter region in bacteria: Sigma factor Recognizes promoter region in eukaryote: Transcription Factor IIE Exposes a single-stranded DNA template: RNA polymerase II Transcribes mRNA: Helicase Transcribes tRNA: Transcription Factor IID 7. RNA is processed during transcription. Match the RNA component to the proper term. Covalent attachment of a modified guanine nucleotide: 5' cap Sequence of repeating adenine nucleotides: 3' tail Sequence that forms a lariat during processing: 5' cap Sequence joined by snRNPs: 3' cap
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Which of the following is true of group 1 introns? They lack internal secondary structure such as RNA/RNA helices. They are not present in mammals. They are not found in plants. They can catalyze their own removal from precursor RNAs. Which of the following activities cannot be catalyzed by derivatives of class 1 introns? Ligase Polymerase Endonuclease Phosphatase Some class 1 introns encode proteins. Which of the following enzymatic activities do these proteins exhibit? Polymerase Ligase Exonuclease Endonuclease In the process of RNA editing, which of the following base changes are possible? C to G U to C G to C C to U Approximately what percentage of genes in the human genome are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs)? 50% 20% 70% 90% Primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs) are initially processed in the nucleus to give pre-miRNAs by Drosha. Which of the following best describes the role of Drosha? DNase Protease Restriction enzyme RNase As part of the innate immune response, short interfering RNA (siRNA) is produced primarily in response to infection with: Bacteria Viruses with a DNA genome Viruses with an RNA genome Protozoa Which of the following mechanisms are not used by miRNAs to reduce expression of their target gene? mRNA degradation Removal of the 5' cap from mRNA Blocking transcription Blocking translation Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used to study the function of genes by: Allowing the detection of very small amounts of RNA Blocking viral replication Deleting a specific gene from the genome Reducing the RNA and protein expression of a target gene In medicine, short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used to target genes that cannot be blocked by small molecule drugs. In some forms of glaucoma, siRNA can be used to reduce expression of the Caspase 2 gene and prevent retinal cell death. Which cellular process is Caspase 2 involved in? Apoptosis Cell division Metabolism Translation
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Which statement about selective gene transcription in eukaryotes is not true? a. Different classes of RNA polymerase transcribe different parts of the genome. $b$. Transcription requires transcription factors. $c .$ Genes are transcribed in groups called operons. $d .$ Both positive and negative regulation occur $e .$ Many proteins bind at the promoter.
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