10. Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart condition...

10. Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart condition (meaning, present at birth) in which the diameter of aorta is smaller than it should be or even blocked. Coarctation of the Aorta Defect Based on the structure of the cardiovascular system, what are the likely symptoms of the disorder? (Try to think of two) 11. In a rare disease called transposition of the great arteries, infants are born with the aorta arising from the right ventricle and the artery going to the lungs (pulmonary artery) arising from the left ventricle. The rest of the anatomy is normal. A. In the normal heart and circulatory system, trace out how a drop of blood would travel, starting in the right atrium. Be sure to use these terms. Aorta Left atrium Left ventricle Lungs Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Right atrium Right ventricle Systemic arteries Systemic capillaries Systemic veins Vena cavae B. In infants with this condition, trace out how a drop of blood would travel, starting in the right atrium. Use the terms listed in part A, but not all of them might be used 12. Many foods contain molecules called nitrates, which can induce headaches in some people by dilating the blood vessels in the brain. A related substance called nitroglycerin is often used to treat heart attacks. Why?

Transcript

00:01 In other ones like this question, let's talk about the cardiovascular system.

00:04 It says, quartation of the aorta is a congenital heart condition, meaning present at birth, in which the diameter of the aorta is smaller than it should be or even blocked.

00:15 For example, here you have the aorta that is normal, but here you have a defect.

00:19 It is kind of constricted so that blood cannot pass above this constriction, or very few blood can cross across this obstruction.

00:29 So here it says, based on the structure of the cardiovascular system, what are the likely symptoms of this disorder? so for example, this person or patients with coeritation of the aorta, or one classic finding in coeratation of the aorta is that as here is the defect, remember that these branches here of the aorta are going to take blood to the head to the arms.

00:56 So those areas are going to get like appropriate blood flow or even excessive blood flow.

01:03 Okay, so this can lead to too much blood going to the head, for example, and this can lead to headaches.

01:14 Now, also, as the blood is going, particularly the blood flow is normal to the arms, then the blood pressure can be normal or high.

01:23 So the patient can have high blood pressure in...

01:28 The arms but as a constriction here is preventing blood to move down the descending part of the aorta then the legs are going to receive less blood flow so you're going to have that the patient have increased blood pressure in the arms but decreased blood pressure in the legs okay so this is one very important finding in these patients also these patients because they are receiving less blood flow to the legs they can have leg cramps or cold feet because you remember that blood also carries heat with it so if you don't have blood arriving to you or getting to your legs then your legs are not going to receive heat and hence they are going to be cold okay now another like symptoms of this condition can be muscle weakness because blood cavils also nutrients to the muscle cells in your legs.

02:35 So if they don't get there, then there is going to be less nutrients, get into your legs, and hence less energy for your muscle, and this is going to lead to muscle with less.

02:46 So these are some clinical findings of coeritation of the abortions.

02:52 In a vertex, he is called transposition of the great arteries, infants are born with the aorta rising from the right ventricle and the artery going to the lungs, pulmonary arduaritis.

03:01 Arising from the left ventricle.

03:03 The west of the anatomy is normal.

03:05 It hearses.

03:06 In the normal heart and circulatory system trace out how a drop of blood could travel starting in the guide atrium and be sure to use these terms.

03:14 So first in a normal heart.

03:15 In a normal heart, you have to trace out how a drop of blood would travel starting in the guide atrium.

03:23 So if we start at the guide atrium, from the guide atrium, for example here, this is the right atrium.

03:31 From the guide atrum, the blood moves to the right ventricle.

03:38 Okay.

03:40 Then the blood moves through the pulmonary valve and it gets to the pulmonary artery.

03:50 Pulmonary artery.

03:52 And through this pulmonary artery, this blood is going to get to the pulmonary capillaries.

03:59 Okay.

04:00 Well, in this case, they are not giving us the pulmonary capillaries, but the pulmonary capillaries are in the lungs.

04:05 Okay, so you have here the lungs.

04:11 Then after this, in the lungs, remember that hematosis is going to cure and your blood, your deoxygenated blood is going to become oxygenated, and this blood is going to come back to the heart, specifically to the left atrium of the heart through the pulmonary veins.

04:33 Pulmonary veins.

04:35 Now through these pulmonary veins the blood is going to come back to the left atrium of the heart that is this atrium of the heart here then it is going to move to the left ventricle of the heart to the left ventricle and after this through the aortic valve it is going to get to the to the aorta arctic so you have here aorta now after the blood reaches the aorta it is going to go to all the parts of your body, practically to the systemic circulation, and eventually it is going to reach the systemic capillaries.

05:14 Okay, so you have here the systemic...

05:18 Systemic capillaries where the blood is going to deliver all the nutrients, including oxygen, to the tissues.

05:30 Okay, and that blood is going to become...

05:32 Like, it's going to become deoxygenated because it is going to...

05:36 Load the oxygen to the tissues and it is going to receive carbon the offset.

05:40 So your blood here is going to become the oxygenated and it is going to move to the systemic veins...