11. Describe monohybrid and dihybrid crosses and how these...

11. Describe monohybrid and dihybrid crosses and how these crosses relate to Mendel's laws. Be able to do a monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. 12. What is a pedigree? How can it be used by scientists today? 13. can affect the protein product in a variety of ways. These changes that reduce or eliminate the activity of a gene are called 14. Describe the loss-of-function and the gain-of-function mutations. 15. Distinguish between genetic screens, complementation tests? Explain how they can be useful.

Transcript

00:01 Hello students, first one definition of gene.

00:05 A gene is a segment of dna that contains the instructions for building and controlling specific traits in an organism.

00:34 Second one, allele.

00:38 An allele is a variant form of a gene.

00:46 It represents one of the possible options or versions of a particular gene that can influence a specific trait.

00:53 Third is dominant and recessive alleles.

00:58 Here dominant alleles are expressed in an organism's phenotype when present even if there is only one copy.

01:14 Recessive alleles that is only expressed when an organism has two copies of the recessive allele.

01:36 Fourth one, genotype of an organism.

01:42 The genotype of an organism refers to the specific combinations of alleles it possess for a particular gene or set of genes.

01:58 Fifth one is a trait.

02:02 A trait is a specific characteristic or feature of an organism which is determined by its genes and influenced by its environment.

02:18 Sixth one, phenotype of an organism.

02:24 Phenotype of an organism is the physical expression of its genes including its observable traits and characteristics.

02:38 Seventh one, genotype of f1 generation of the monohybrid cross.

02:56 So the genotype of the f1 generation in a monohybrid cross would be heterozygous represented as capital a, small a, where a is the dominant allele and small a is the recessive allele.

03:14 Eighth one, phenotype of f1 generation of the monohybrid cross.

03:29 Here the phenotype of the f1 generation in a monohybrid cross would display the dominant trait as the dominant alleles expressed in the presence of a heterozygous genotype...

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