According to W.D. Ross's Moderate Deontology, when there is a prima facie duty (or duties) to do X in a situation:
(a) It is always our duty proper (obligation) to do it.
(b) It is never our duty proper (obligation) to do it.
(c) It is our duty proper (obligation) to do it, unless not doing X would result in more total utility.
(d) It is our duty proper (obligation) to do it, unless there is a stronger prima facie duty (or duties) not to do it in that situation.
(12) Recall the woman whose husband died a dreadful death. She asks the physician how her husband died. Telling her the truth would cause her pain whereas a lie would be painless. According to W.D. Ross's moderate deontology, which prima facie duty would favor telling the truth and which prima facie duty would oppose telling the truth?
(a) Fidelity and beneficence
(b) Gratitude and non-maleficence
(c) Fidelity and non-maleficence
(d) Justice and fidelity
(13) A surgeon who has taken the Hippocratic oath to do no harm is wondering whether to kill Bob in order to distribute his organs to five people who would die without them. According to W.D. Ross's moderate deontology, there is a conflict between:
(a) Beneficence, which favors the act-token of killing Bob and distributing his organs, and non-maleficence, which opposes it.
(b) Non-maleficence and fidelity, which are each against the act-token of killing Bob and distributing his organs, and beneficence, which opposes it.