1st attempt Cindy Bick and a colleague used the scientific...

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(10 points) Dr. John Q. Scientist is a researcher who investigates the functions of a transmembrane protein found only in human liver cells. This transmembrane protein was named HLOR-1 (human liver orphan receptor-L, i.e., a receptor-like molecule for which a biological ligand has not yet been identified). HLOR-1 was cloned by way of "reverse genetics" based on a genetic disorder (phenotype observed in adulthood) that associates a genetic marker allele at 100% frequency. Further, upon complete cDNA cloning, with a sequence analysis, and computer modeling work, it is believed that the predicted structure of HLOR-1 resembles that of a growth factor receptor; hence the name HLOR-1. With the HLOR-1 cDNA in hand, John wishes to determine if mutations in the HLOR-1 gene are causative to the human genetic disorder, with the help of his talented and dedicated research team: 1): (5 points) Graduate student Bob was assigned the task of expressing a variant HLOR-1 protein in a human liver cell line. Bob generated five independent sub-lines of the cells, each with a chromosome integration of the HLOR-1 variant cDNA driven by a proper promoter and over-expressing the corresponding protein. Four of Bob's sub-lines produced a phenotype consistent in cell physiology with the manifestations of the genetic disorder, but one of his sub-lines did not produce this phenotype despite the expression of the variant HLOR-1 protein. Would Bob and John be able to conclude that the HLOR-1 variant is the cause of the genetic disorder? Why or why not? 2). (5 points) Post-doctoral fellow Jane was assigned the task of generating transgenic mice that over-express the variant HLOR-1 protein in adult mouse liver. Given Bob's results, could Jane get away with generating just one sub-strain/line of the transgenic mice over-expressing the variant HLOR-1 in the liver and presenting the disease phenotype, yet still help John make a strong argument about the variant HLOR-1 expression being the cause of the disorder? Why or why not?

Adi S.

experiment-1introduction-to-science-identifying-the-optimal-conditions-for-fungal-growth-experiment-inventory-materials-10-ml-45-acetic-acid-c2h4o2-2-lemon-juice-packets-10-ml-corn-syrup-per-18524

Introduction to Science Identifying the Optimal Conditions for Fungal Growth Experiment Inventory Materials 10 mL 4.5% Acetic Acid, C2H4O2 2 Lemon Juice Packets 10 mL Corn Syrup Permanent Marker 10 Resealable Plastic Bags Crystal Violet Water 2 Slices of Bread Apple Kitchen Knife Cutting Board Labware Measuring Spoon Blank Slide Coverslip 2 Transfer Pipettes Cotton Swab Compound Microscope EXPERIMENT 1: IDENTIFYING THE OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR FUNGAL GROWTH ON BREAD AND FRUIT All living organisms have specific nutritional and environmental requirements regardless of their size. In this experiment, you will identify the optimal conditions for cultivating fungal growth on bread and fruit. Any type of bread can be used, but fresh bakery bread will likely grow more colorful species because it does not contain the preservatives that many processed varieties do. PROCEDURE Record the Purpose and your Hypothesis for this experiment in your assessment package. Use the permanent marker to label the ten plastic bags as follows: Bright – Control Bright – Water Bright – Corn Syrup Bright – Lemon Bright – Vinegar Dark – Control Dark – Water Dark – Corn Syrup Dark – Lemon Dark – Vinegar Place a kitchen knife and cutting board on a sturdy surface, such as a tabletop or counter. Carefully cut the two slices of bread into 10 pieces (5 pieces per slice). Then, cut the apple into 10 slices. Place one piece of bread and one slice of apple into each plastic bag. Use the measuring spoon to measure and add 1 teaspoon of tap water into the bags labeled "water." Then, seal the bags closed. Use the measuring spoon to measure and add 1 teaspoon of corn syrup into the bags labeled "corn syrup." Then, seal the bags closed. Use the measuring spoon to measure and add 1 teaspoon of acetic acid into the bags labeled "vinegar." Then, seal the bags closed. Use the measuring spoon to measure and add 1 teaspoon of lemon juice into the bags labeled "lemon." Then, seal the bags closed. Note: Do not add anything to the bags labeled "control." Find a well-lit, warm location to place each bag labeled "bright." This could be a sunny windowsill, under a lamp, etc. Find a dark, warm location to place each bag labeled "dark." This could be a closet, near a heater with the lights off, etc. Examine the bags every 1 - 2 days for two weeks. Look for mold formation on the bread and apple pieces. Take particular note of which environmental condition(s) the mold formed in first and last. Record your results in Table 1. At the end of two weeks, rank the samples from 1 - 10 based on which grew the most mold (1) to which grew the least mold (10). Place 1-2 drops of water on the blank slide. Open one of the bags with mold growth just enough to insert the cotton swab. Gently rub the tip of the cotton swab against an area of mold growth. Swirl the cotton swab in the water on the blank slide. Allow the solution to completely air-dry (approximately 30 minutes). The smear should now appear slightly cloudy. Over a sink or disposable plastic container, saturate the sample with crystal violet, and wait 1 minute. Rinse the slide with deionized water for 30 seconds. Gently place the coverslip over the smear and paint the edge of the coverslip with the clear nail polish. Let the nail polish dry completely. Observe the smear under your microscope. Document your observations in the post-lab questions. Take a photograph of the slide through the microscope eyepiece and submit the image to your instructor. When finished with the experiment, do not open the bags. This could disperse mold spores and contaminate your work/living area. Dispose of the sealed bags in the trash, and remove the trash bag from your living area. Pre-Lab Questions Identify four major similarities and four major differences between bacterial (prokaryotic) and fungal (eukaryotic) cells. Research how antibiotics affect bacterial cells. Which cell structure(s) are typically targeted? Based on this information, do you think human cells are affected by the antibiotics? Include references to information sources used. As mentioned in the introduction, both humans and fungi are eukaryotic. Looking at the structures found in human and fungal cells, propose one possible cellular target that would impact fungal cells but not human cells. Provide two examples of beneficial fungi and two examples of beneficial bacteria. Include binomial names and how we benefit from these organisms. Experiment 1: Mold Growth on Bread and Fruit - What are Optimal Conditions for Fungal Growth? Data Tables Purpose (What question is this experiment designed to answer?): Hypothesis (Based on what you've learned in the pre-lab materials, write an If/Then statement regarding the outcome of this experiment.): Table 1: Mold Growth Observations Condition Number of Days Required for Growth to Begin Observations Extent of Growth (Scale of 1 - 10) Bright Control Bright Water Bright Corn Syrup Bright Lemon Bright Vinegar Dark Control Dark Water Dark Corn Syrup Dark Lemon Dark Vinegar Claim (What are the results of your experiment?): Evidence (What data did you collect that supports your claim? Explain the meaning behind the data and the calculations.): Post-Lab Questions Write a detailed conclusion based on your results. Include which conditions produced the most mold growth, the least mold growth, the fastest mold growth, and the slowest mold growth. Did the presence or absence of light affect the growth of mold based on your results? Were you surprised by the result? Why or why not? Do you believe you observed more than one species of mold in this experiment? Explain your answer. Do you think your conclusions from this experiment apply to the growth of all fungal species? Why or why not? How would using fresh bread from a bakery (no preservatives) versus prepackaged bread (with preservatives) affect the results? How do you hypothesize that the incubation temperature would affect the results? How would you test your hypothesis? What is the likely source of the mold that grew on the samples? Describe your observations of the microscope slide of the mold. What conclusions can you make based on the microscopic observations? Reflection (Discuss what you have learned by doing this experiment. How have your ideas changed? Do you have any new questions? What connections did you make between the lab and lecture?):

Adi S.

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Not using the Sim? Watch the video of someone completing the steps of the Sim investigation at tinyurl.com/AMPTR-04, then complete the data table and answer the question below. Sim Investigation Instructions: 1. Launch the Traits and Reproduction Sim. 2. Find three spiders, each with a different trait for silk flexibility (high, medium, or low). 3. Compare the protein molecules in each of the spider's cells. 4. Fill out the table with data from the Sim. 5. Look at the Protein To Trait Example for silk flexibility and answer the question below. Spider's name: Otis Silk flexibility trait: high Protein molecule structure: #2 (comb without teeth) Spider's name: Anne Silk flexibility trait: low Protein molecule structure: #1 (looks like a comb) Spider's name: Ruby Silk flexibility trait: Medium Protein molecule structure: #1 and #2 Review the Protein To Trait Example for silk flexibility. How do the differences in proteins lead to different traits for silk flexibility?

Adi S.

Transcript

00:02 The statement into three category, observation, hypothesis, and questions, which is about the sydney bick and colleagues regarding the little white snails by using the steps of scientific method.

00:21 So initially, obviously, you would have an observation.

00:26 And observation is something would trigger the curiosity of the scientist.

00:32 So they observe certain phenomenon and then they become curious about it.

00:36 And then they will actually design experiment to find out why.

00:40 So in this case, the initial observation that attract attention of the scientists will be p.

00:48 Hylina is often found in sunnis area.

00:52 So this is what they noticed.

01:21 Then this observation would trigger the scientist to ask a question.

01:27 And it could be more than one question, so we did put questions.

01:31 So the question is going to be why.

01:34 Why is hyalina found in sunnier area? and other than that, the scientists also noticed another phenomenon that p.

02:21 Hyalas was one of the only snails that can survive.

02:28 So this is also an observation.

02:32 Why? then the next question will follow.

02:35 P...

Question

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