Joseph Appleton's primary care physician has referred him to Dr. Nester, an oncologist (physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of cancer). Preliminary tests show that Mr. Appleton may have colon cancer. Mr. Appleton, age 77, is uncomfortable about visiting a specialist he has never met. He is especially distraught about the possibility of having a life-threatening illness and does not understand why the physician he has seen for many years cannot take care of the problem. Carmen Rodriguez, Dr. Nester's medical assistant, greets Mr. Appleton on his first visit to the office.
1. Discuss the changes in health care delivery that have led to the referral of patients to specialists.
2. What can Carmen do to help Mr. Appleton feel more comfortable?