20. Which of the following statements are correct?
a) Nonspecific ascending pathways largely involve the lateral and anterior spinothalamic tracts.
b) Nonspecific ascending pathways transmit pain and temperature impulses as well as light touch pressure or joint information.
c) Specific ascending pathways are formed by the dorsal column (fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis) of the spinal cord and medial lemniscal tracts arising in the medulla and terminating in the thalamus.
d) All of the above a, b, and c are correct.
21. Which of the following statements are correct?
a) Levels of motor control include the segmental level, the projection level, and the programs/instructions level.
b) The cerebellum lacks direct motor connections to the spinal cord but integrates motor function through projection areas of the brainstem and via the thalamus to the motor cortex.
c) Basal nuclei are involved in motor integration via inputs from all cerebral areas and outputs to the thalamus, which subsequently influence the premotor and prefrontal areas of the cerebral cortex.
d) All of the above a, b, and c are correct.
22. Which of the following statements are correct?
a) The left and right cerebral hemispheres are separated by the longitudinal fissure, while the transverse fissure separates cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum.
b) The transverse fissure separates the frontal from the occipital lobes.
c) The longitudinal fissure separates the temporal lobes from the occipital lobes. The lateral sulcus separates the frontal from the parietal lobes.
23. Pyramidal cells, whose fibers make up the pyramidal, or corticospinal, tracts, are a part of the primary somatosensory cortex and receive information from the somatic sensory receptors.
b) Neurons that originate in the lateral horn of the spinal column.
c) Located mostly in the primary motor cortex and are associated with voluntary motor control.
d) Located in the somatosensory association area.
24. The specialized motor speech area that directs the muscles of the tongue, throat, and lips involved in articulating words is a) the gustatory cortex.
b) the primary somatosensory cortex.
c) the primary auditory area.
d) Broca's area.
25. Which of the following statements are correct?
a) Both motor areas and sensory areas occur in all five lobes of the cerebral cortex.
b) Motor areas are confined to the frontal lobe, while sensory areas concerned with conscious awareness of sensation occur in the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.
c) Motor areas are confined to the frontal lobe, and sensory areas are confined to the parietal lobe.
d) Motor areas are confined to the parietal lobe, while sensory areas concerned with conscious awareness of sensation occur in the frontal lobe.