22. The indirect antiglobulin test, or IAT, is used when a. testing a woman's blood for antibody to the Rh antigen b. testing a baby's red blood cells to see whether they are coated with antibody c. vaccinating a patient to have them make IgG instead of IgE d. none of the above 23. The direct antiglobulin test a. measures the amount of antibody in the Rh negative pregnant woman that reacts with the Rh positive fetal red blood cells b. determines whether maternal Rh antibody is already present on (coating) the newborn's red cells c. measures the amount of antibody produced by the fetus against the mother's red blood cells d. uses cross-linking antibodies of the IgD type 24. Release of newly synthesized and preformed mediators from mast cells and basophils are characteristics of a. type I hypersensitivity b. type II hypersensitivity c. type III hypersensitivity d. type IV hypersensitivity 25. Type IV hypersensitivity is mediated by a. Th1 cells and CD4+ cytotoxic T cells b. Th1 cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells c. Th2 cells and CD4+ cytotoxic T cells d. Th2 cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
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Marybeth R., a 27-year-old female pregnant with her second child, had routine orders for a "type and screen," with the following results: ABO/Rh (tube method) Patient RBCs (forward type) Patient RBCs (reverse type) Anti-A Anti-B Anti-D A cells B cells 3+ 0 4+ 0 4+ Antibody screen (tube LISS method) IS 37°C AHG CC SC1 0 0 0 4+ SC2 0 2+ 3+ SC3 0 2+ 3+ Autocontrol 0 0 0 4+ Abbreviations: IS, immediate spin; AHG, antihuman globulin; CC, check cells What is Marybeth's ABO and Rh blood type? What would be the interpretation of the antibody screen? What immunoglobulin class is the most probable for this antibody? Is the antibody an alloantibody and/or autoantibody? Can either be ruled out? Explain. What detail in the patient history would provide further evidence for your answer to question 4? What procedure would the technologist perform next? How are antibodies ruled out in the cross-out method of antibody panel interpretation? Explain the procedure in two to three sentences.
Adi S.
20. Substances that can elicit an immune response are called: a. Pathogens b. Antibodies c. Lymphocytes d. Histamines e. Antigens 21. Which of the following cell types is specifically responsible for cell-mediated immunity? a. B cells b. Neutrophils c. T cells d. Natural killer cells 22. White blood cells and red blood cells are produced by the ___. a. Thymus b. Spleen c. Bone marrow d. Lymph nodes 23. It is best to receive an organ transplant from a donor who ___. a. Looks like you. d. Best matches your MHC proteins b. Rarely consumes alcohol e. Is a friend c. Does not have any allergies 24. Transfer of antibodies from breast milk to an infant is an example of ___ immunity. a. Active b. Cell-mediated c. Passive d. Artificial 25. Which type of immune response is always disadvantageous to a person? a. Inflammatory b. Cell-mediated c. Autoimmune d. Humoral-mediated 26. Vaccination brings about ___ immunity. a. Active b. Passive 27. Which immune response is the fastest? a. Primary immune response b. Secondary immune response 28. The antigen-binding sites of an antibody molecule are formed around the molecule's variable regions. Why are these regions are called variable? a. They can change their shapes on command to fit different antigens b. They change their shapes when they bind to an antigen c. Their specific shapes are unimportant d. They can be different shapes on different antibody molecules e. Their sizes vary considerably from one antibody to another
Megan B.
Working out the rules by which $\mathrm{T}$ cells interact with their target cells was complicated. Some of the key observations came from studying the way cytotoxic T cells killed cells infected with choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Cytotoxic T cells derived from mice expressing "k-type" class I MHC proteins lysed LCMV-infected cells expressing the same k-type MHC protein, but they did not lyse infected cells from mice expressing "d-type" class I MHC proteins (Figure $Q 24-2$ ). Similarly, cytotoxic T cells from d-type mice lysed infected d-type cells, but not infected k-type cells. LCMV can kill both k-type and d-type mice. A. If homozygous d-type mice were bred to homozygous k-type mice to generate d-type/k-type heterozygous progeny, would you expect that cytotoxic T cells from these heterozygotes, when infected with ICMV, to be able to lyse infected d-type cells? How about infected k-type cells? Explain your answers. B. Oddly enough, ICMV infection does not kill mice that lack a thymus-such as "nude" mice, so called because they also lack hair. If a thymus is transplanted back into a nude mouse, it will die when infected with LCMV. Suppose that a d-type/k-type heterozygous nude mouse was given a thymus from an d-type donor. Would you expect its cytotoxic T cells to be able to lyse infected d-type cells? How about infected k-type cells? Explain your answers.
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