23. Which of the following mechanisms do NOT contribute to the development of and/or spread of antibiotic resistance among a population of bacteria? Choose one: A. integron genetic expression elements B. independent assortment of chromosomes C. conjugation between two organisms D. gene duplication and mutational reshaping 15. What are some strategies scientists use to counter microbial mechanisms of drug resistance? Choose one or more: A. using only bactericidal (not bacteriostatic) antibiotics when adding to animal feed B. modifying the drug to increase its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) C. administering a drug with a decoy for the microbial inactivating enzyme D. chemically modifying the drug to prevent inactivation by microbial enzymes E. increasing the length of time during which a patient is treated with a given antibiotic 13. A particularly dangerous type of drug resistance is mediated by what are called multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps. A single pump in this class can export many different kinds of antibiotics with little regard to structure. What most directly powers the MDR efflux pump? Choose one: A. an ion motive force B. ATP hydrolysis C. NADH oxidation D. All of the choices are correct. Streptomyces griseus produces streptomycin, but this organism is not impacted by the presence of the antibiotic. Why? Because the organism Choose one: A. sequesters the streptomycin within the lysosomes and peroxisomes prior to secretion. B. synthesizes an inactive precursor of streptomycin that is secreted from the cell. C. phosphorylates streptomycin to 6-phosphorylstreptomycin once the drug is secreted. D. absorbs the drug from the mycelium, thereby protecting the mycelium at the expense of the cell.
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integron genetic expression elements: Integrons are genetic elements that can capture and incorporate gene cassettes, including antibiotic resistance genes. So, this option contributes to antibiotic resistance. B. independent assortment of chromosomes: Show more…
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