2. Two identical neurons have been isolated and are bathed separately in fluid with an ion concentration typical of extracellular fluid in nervous tissue, Neurotransmitter is added to the extracellular fluid of each neuron. Changes in membrane potential are observed along the length of the axon of neuron A. No change in membrane potential is observed anywhere on the axon of neuron B. Explain why these different results were observed in the neurons. Assume that the axons are identical, and are capable of functioning normally. Describe what is happening along the axon of neuron A. Include ions, channels, and membrane potential in your answer. 3. Explain what ion flow is and describe 2 locations where ion flow is used to assist in signal transmission along a neuron.
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Neuron A forms a synapse with Neuron B. Neuron A is a Dogium neuron. Dogium is a neurotransmitter that binds to ionotropic receptors Dog1 and Dog2. Neuron B contains both the Dog1 and Dog2 receptors in its postsynaptic membrane. Activation of the Dog1 receptor opens Nat channels, while activation of the Dog2 receptor opens Cl channels. At baseline (without input from neuron A), neuron B has a medium firing rate. If neuron A fires at a low rate, neuron B's firing rate increases. As neuron A fires at a high rate, neuron B's firing rate decreases.
Sri K.
Axon terminals from several different neurons synapse onto a single neuron. Some of these presynaptic neurons are sending excitatory signals, while others are sending inhibitory signals. Over the course of the effects of these signals, the postsynaptic membrane potential reaches around -90 mV. What is the overall effect on the postsynaptic neuron? Multiple Choice The postsynaptic neuron is excited enough to easily cross threshold and generate an action potential. The postsynaptic neuron is inhibited from generating action potentials. The postsynaptic neuron is excited, but not enough to cross threshold. The postsynaptic neuron is stabilized and remains at its resting potential.
A post-synaptic neuron (A) receives input from two tonically active, pre-synaptic neurons (B) and (C). These synapses are on different parts of the post-synaptic membrane but are the same distance from the axon hillock. Input from (B) alone can result in an action potential in (A), but input from (C) alone cannot. What best explains this outcome? a) The time interval between subsequent action potentials in neuron (B) is longer than that in neuron (C). b) The resting membrane potential at the synapse with (B) is more negative than the resting membrane potential at the synapse with (C). c) Neuron (B) releases inhibitory neurotransmitter whereas neuron (C) releases excitatory neurotransmitter. d) The time interval between subsequent action potentials in neuron (B) is shorter than that in neuron (C).
Sulav P.
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