3. An unknown organism has been discovered. It contains cells with excitable membranes that scientists suspect are used for rapid information transfer. The membrane of the cell at rest is permeable only to anion X-. Active transport pumps in the membrane move X- into the cell while simultaneously moving equal numbers of Y- out of the cell. When neurotransmitter Z is released into the extracellular fluid in contact with a portion of the cell membrane, ligand-gated channels open that allow twice as many X- ions as Y- ions through the membrane. Which one of the following is incorrect? Select one: a. An IPSP will occur. b. Y- will diffuse into the cell. c. X- will diffuse out of the cell. d. The membrane will depolarize. e. The channels are chemically gated. 5. Neurons store neurotransmitter molecules in vesicles located within _____. Select one: a. synaptic terminals b. the cell body c. the synaptic cleft d. myelin e. dendrites 7. Neurotransmitters categorized as inhibitory would not be expected to: Select one: a. bind to receptors. b. open K+ channels. c. open Na+ channels. d. open Cl- channels. e. hyperpolarize the membrane.
Added by Jacqueline S.
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Step 1: The unknown organism's cell membrane is permeable only to anion X- at rest, with active transport pumps moving X- into the cell and Y- out of the cell. Show more…
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1.) ____ of the neuron experience(s) resting membrane potential because of the presence of ____ that are the dominant contributors to the process. A. Dendrites, pumps B. Soma, ligand-gated channels C. Axon, voltage-gated channels D. Terminals, receptors E. All regions, leak channels 2.) Glia provide supportive nervous system functions such that: A. Ependymal cells provide immune responses B. Microglia circulate CSF C. Oligodendrocytes regulate substances entering the brain from capillaries D. Schwann cells myelinated axons in the spinal cord E. Astrocytes perform signal cessation by absorbing neurotransmitter 3.) Resting membrane potential: A. Sits close to potassium equilibrium potential because potassium voltage-gated channels are more numerous than sodium non-gated channels B. Utilizes high levels of energy because it is mainly established by the Na/K ATPase C. Is a result of high intracellular sodium and large anionic proteins D. Produces an electrochemical gradient that favors sodium efflux through voltage-gated channels because of its large driving force E. No option is correct 4.) Flow of potassium across a typical neuron embrace leads to ____ events that move the neuron ____ threshold, while ____ has the opposite response. A. EPSP... toward... sodium B. IPSP... away from... calcium C. Negative feedback... directly to... protein D. Positive feedback... closer to... chloride E. No option is correct 5.) Positive feedback occurs when a factor ____. An example happens during ____, which involves the ion ____ and an off-switch called ____. A. Continually decreases... resting repolarization phase... potassium... channel inactivation B. Reverses itself... action potential depolarization phase... potassium... channel closing C. Continually increases... action potential depolarization phase... sodium... channel inactivation D. Moves toward homeostasis... synaptic transmission depolarization phase... calcium... channel activation E. No option is correct 6.) Match the letter with the statement, some may require more than one. A. Rest B. Depolarization C. Repolarization D. Hyperpolarization ____ 1. Mediated by voltage-gated channels ____ 2. Requires sodium influx ____ 3. Phase of action potential ____ 4. Occurs when potassium channels close ____ 5. Involves a positive feedback loop
Adi S.
1) What causes the membrane potential to return to the normal negative value during the repolarization phase of an action potential? Select one: a. Closing of voltage-gated K+ channels b. Opening of ligand-gated Na+ channels c. Closing of voltage-gated K+ channels d. Opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels e. Opening of voltage-gated K+ channels 2) Neuronal cells on your taste buds initiate an action potential when they detect specific flavor molecules. Cell surface proteins that detect flavor molecules and initiate an action potential could be: Select one: a. Extracellularly ligand-gated sodium channels b. Intracellularly ligand-gated sodium channels c. Aquaporin channels d. Mechanically gated channels e. Potassium leak channels 3) Translocation of most proteins into the ER requires all of the following EXCEPT a(n): Select one: a. Signal recognition particle b. Signal sequence c. SRP receptor d. Importin receptor e. Ribosome 4) Which of the following describes a transporter that requires ATP hydrolysis to move solute A and solute B out of the cell? Select one: a. A passive symport b. An active uniport c. An active antiport d. A passive antiport e. An active symport 5) A vesicle traveling down an axon on a microtubule towards a synapse is being pulled by which type of motor? Select one: a. Dynein b. Kinesin c. Myosin d. Filamin e. Actin 6) Which of the following proteins is likely to require vesicular transport to reach its functional destination in the cell? Select one: a. The Na/K pump b. Signal peptidase c. RNA polymerase d. Aconitase (catalyzes the first step in the citric acid cycle) 7) Based on their location in the cell, we can conclude that the tubulin protein monomers that form microtubules must be synthesized... Select one: a. In the nucleus b. On rough ER c. By free ribosomes in the cytosol d. By tubulin synthase e. On smooth ER
Transmission of a nerve impulse to its target cell requires: a. endocytosis of neurotransmitters by excitatory presynaptic vesicles. b. thousands of molecules of neurotransmitter that had been stored in the postsynaptic cell to be released into the synaptic cleft. c. $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ ions to diffuse through voltage-gated $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ channels. d. a fall in Ca" in the cytoplasm to trigger a protein that causes the presynaptic vesicle to fuse with the plasma membrane. e. an action potential to open the Ca" gates so that Ca $^{2+}$ ions, in higher concentration outside the axon, can flow back into the cytoplasm of the neuron.
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