00:01
So we have in the problem an operational amplifier or an up -amp with saturation voltages of 15 for the positive and negative saturations, and we are to solve for the output voltage given the inputs on the left.
00:22
So this is what we call an open loop up -am, which means that there is no feedback mechanism.
00:33
In the diagram.
00:36
So for open -loop up -amps, the v -out is equal to the gain times the difference in the voltages across the non -inverting and inverting terminals, where the gain is taken to be infinite or very, very large.
00:57
So here, the v plus or the non -inverting voltage should be equal to 12 times 10 kilo -ooms divided by 2 kilo -ooms plus 10 kilo -ooms.
01:18
So what we did here is we used voltage division for these series of resistors here.
01:27
So this will give us a non -inverting input of 10 volts.
01:36
For the inverting input, it is connected to a power supply of 5 volts.
01:41
So we have b minus being equal to 5 volts.
01:47
So substituting this into our equation for the output voltage, we have infinity times 10 minus 5, which is equal to positive infinity.
02:03
So in this up -amp, we have a maximum positive value of 15 dictated by your v plus here...